{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1991297895","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccece.2012.6334888","title":"A novel visual secret sharing scheme without image size expansion","display_name":"A novel visual secret sharing scheme without image size expansion","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1991297895","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccece.2012.6334888","mag":"1991297895"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ccece.2012.6334888","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccece.2012.6334888","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 25th IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045526760","display_name":"Nazanin Askari","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130438778","display_name":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","ror":"https://ror.org/04haebc03","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Askari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Saint John's, Canada","Electrical and Computer Engineering, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Saint John's, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018255936","display_name":"Cecilia Moloney","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130438778","display_name":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","ror":"https://ror.org/04haebc03","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Moloney","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Saint John's, Canada","Electrical and Computer Engineering, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Saint John's, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044553493","display_name":"Howard M. Heys","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4506-3673"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130438778","display_name":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","ror":"https://ror.org/04haebc03","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. M. Heys","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Saint John's, Canada","Electrical and Computer Engineering, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Saint John's, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2211,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88882498,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12923","display_name":"Digital Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9726999998092651,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-cryptography","display_name":"Visual cryptography","score":0.9344117641448975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secret-sharing","display_name":"Secret sharing","score":0.8011593818664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7370596528053284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.721327006816864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homomorphic-secret-sharing","display_name":"Homomorphic secret sharing","score":0.7191163301467896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secure-multi-party-computation","display_name":"Secure multi-party computation","score":0.6478075981140137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-sharing","display_name":"Image sharing","score":0.5756171345710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5107574462890625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.5082783102989197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.5067494511604309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.46174341440200806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shared-secret","display_name":"Shared secret","score":0.45021113753318787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3935798406600952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.37758350372314453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2848469614982605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18825531005859375}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779072331","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1597418","display_name":"Visual cryptography","level":4,"score":0.9344117641448975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3087436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1386603","display_name":"Secret sharing","level":3,"score":0.8011593818664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7370596528053284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.721327006816864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132161212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891458","display_name":"Homomorphic secret sharing","level":4,"score":0.7191163301467896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18396474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2465888","display_name":"Secure multi-party computation","level":3,"score":0.6478075981140137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780639701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q354869","display_name":"Image sharing","level":3,"score":0.5756171345710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5107574462890625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5082783102989197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5067494511604309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.46174341440200806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184660509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q462624","display_name":"Shared secret","level":3,"score":0.45021113753318787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3935798406600952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.37758350372314453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2848469614982605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18825531005859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ccece.2012.6334888","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ccece.2012.6334888","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 25th IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W103635537","https://openalex.org/W2016243271","https://openalex.org/W2016928660","https://openalex.org/W2029251894","https://openalex.org/W2046251989","https://openalex.org/W2075587349","https://openalex.org/W2122975390","https://openalex.org/W2130485648","https://openalex.org/W2209142686","https://openalex.org/W2913419753","https://openalex.org/W3029825043","https://openalex.org/W6604186918","https://openalex.org/W6662095868","https://openalex.org/W6687939823","https://openalex.org/W6758417790"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2032053269","https://openalex.org/W2049504866","https://openalex.org/W2350486768","https://openalex.org/W2025440986","https://openalex.org/W2401408573","https://openalex.org/W3007445677","https://openalex.org/W2741120563","https://openalex.org/W2026753506","https://openalex.org/W2394437290","https://openalex.org/W1991297895"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Over":[0],"the":[1,8,44,50,58,61,82,89,100],"past":[2],"few":[3],"years,":[4],"increasing":[5],"concern":[6],"about":[7],"privacy":[9],"of":[10,43,49,76,102,124],"information":[11,42],"shared":[12],"in":[13,19,88],"computer":[14],"systems":[15],"has":[16],"increased":[17],"interest":[18],"data":[20],"security.":[21],"Visual":[22],"cryptography":[23],"is":[24],"a":[25,110,141],"secure":[26,129],"secret":[27,32,46,51,113],"sharing":[28,114],"scheme":[29,115,130],"that":[30],"divides":[31],"images":[33],"into":[34],"shares":[35],"which":[36,86],"on":[37],"their":[38],"own":[39],"reveal":[40],"no":[41],"original":[45],"image.":[47,145],"Recovery":[48],"image":[52,83,117],"can":[53],"be":[54],"performed":[55],"by":[56],"superimposing":[57],"shares.":[59],"Hence,":[60],"process":[62],"does":[63,133],"not":[64,131,134],"require":[65],"any":[66],"special":[67],"software":[68],"or":[69],"hardware":[70],"for":[71,91],"cryptographic":[72],"computations.":[73],"However,":[74],"loss":[75],"resolution":[77],"and":[78,80,97],"contrast,":[79],"also":[81,139],"size":[84,118],"expansion":[85],"results":[87],"need":[90],"storage":[92],"space,":[93],"are":[94],"resulting":[95],"problems":[96],"have":[98,135],"been":[99],"focus":[101],"many":[103],"researchers.":[104],"In":[105],"this":[106],"paper,":[107],"we":[108],"propose":[109],"novel":[111],"visual":[112,125],"without":[116],"expansion.":[119],"Compared":[120],"to":[121],"other":[122],"schemes":[123],"cryptography,":[126],"our":[127],"perfectly":[128],"only":[132],"pixel":[136],"expansion,":[137],"but":[138],"provides":[140],"high":[142],"quality":[143],"recovered":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
