{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2168300730","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cca.2008.4629626","title":"Contaminant classification in robotic gas metal arc welding via image based spatter tracking","display_name":"Contaminant classification in robotic gas metal arc welding via image based spatter tracking","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2168300730","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cca.2008.4629626","mag":"2168300730"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cca.2008.4629626","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cca.2008.4629626","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 IEEE International Conference on Control Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110273636","display_name":"Gunther Schwab","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167576493","display_name":"Colorado School of Mines","ror":"https://ror.org/04raf6v53","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167576493"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gunther Schwab","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Engineering, Colorado Schml of Mines, Golden, CO, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Engineering, Colorado Schml of Mines, Golden, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167576493"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060455698","display_name":"Tyrone L. Vincent","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6921-8521"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167576493","display_name":"Colorado School of Mines","ror":"https://ror.org/04raf6v53","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167576493"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tyrone L. Vincent","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Engineering, Colorado Schml of Mines, Golden, CO, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Engineering, Colorado Schml of Mines, Golden, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167576493"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111649264","display_name":"John P. H. Steele","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167576493","display_name":"Colorado School of Mines","ror":"https://ror.org/04raf6v53","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167576493"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John P. H. Steele","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Engineering, Colorado Schml of Mines, Golden, CO, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Engineering, Colorado Schml of Mines, Golden, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167576493"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110273636"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167576493"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2187,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82461059,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"80","issue":null,"first_page":"751","last_page":"756"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10834","display_name":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10834","display_name":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11856","display_name":"Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gas-metal-arc-welding","display_name":"Gas metal arc welding","score":0.7046988010406494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welding","display_name":"Welding","score":0.6754092574119568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weld-pool","display_name":"Weld pool","score":0.5717514157295227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.5212786197662354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arc","display_name":"Arc (geometry)","score":0.49356257915496826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4889451265335083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48853620886802673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arc-welding","display_name":"Arc welding","score":0.48465877771377563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame-rate","display_name":"Frame rate","score":0.4686398208141327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.4217906594276428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.4117593467235565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.34658539295196533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.2957637906074524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24428027868270874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.24222910404205322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metallurgy","display_name":"Metallurgy","score":0.2020491361618042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gas-tungsten-arc-welding","display_name":"Gas tungsten arc welding","score":0.17537567019462585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.16848987340927124}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50916996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1765723","display_name":"Gas metal arc welding","level":4,"score":0.7046988010406494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19474535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131172","display_name":"Welding","level":2,"score":0.6754092574119568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776143536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7980866","display_name":"Weld pool","level":5,"score":0.5717514157295227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.5212786197662354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83415579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161973","display_name":"Arc (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.49356257915496826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4889451265335083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48853620886802673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20480867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422937","display_name":"Arc welding","level":3,"score":0.48465877771377563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3261483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q119565","display_name":"Frame rate","level":2,"score":0.4686398208141327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.4217906594276428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.4117593467235565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.34658539295196533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.2957637906074524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24428027868270874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.24222910404205322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.2020491361618042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3450827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1627310","display_name":"Gas tungsten arc welding","level":4,"score":0.17537567019462585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.16848987340927124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cca.2008.4629626","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cca.2008.4629626","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 IEEE International Conference on Control Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2025015392","https://openalex.org/W2091077439","https://openalex.org/W2147855783","https://openalex.org/W2462511503","https://openalex.org/W2469561599","https://openalex.org/W2788501323","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6720224784","https://openalex.org/W6748226628"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2368417975","https://openalex.org/W2338478259","https://openalex.org/W2117082278","https://openalex.org/W3021102970","https://openalex.org/W2466354280","https://openalex.org/W2371119440","https://openalex.org/W2081004343","https://openalex.org/W1989558731","https://openalex.org/W2389020283","https://openalex.org/W3014898388"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,49],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,28],"new":[4,50],"method":[5],"for":[6],"measuring":[7],"and":[8,24,33,40,62],"classifying":[9],"spatter":[10,43],"in":[11],"gas":[12],"metal":[13],"arc":[14],"welding":[15],"(GMAW)":[16],"by":[17],"optical":[18],"monitoring":[19],"of":[20],"the":[21,57],"weld":[22,63],"pool":[23],"surrounding":[25],"area":[26],"via":[27],"high-frame-rate":[29],"camera.":[30],"Image":[31],"processing":[32],"tracking":[34],"algorithms":[35],"are":[36],"described":[37],"that":[38],"extract":[39],"classify":[41],"individual":[42],"events":[44],"from":[45],"raw":[46],"camera":[47],"images.":[48],"sensor":[51],"is":[52],"then":[53],"used":[54],"to":[55],"investigate":[56],"relationship":[58],"between":[59],"workpiece":[60],"contamination":[61],"spatter.":[64]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
