{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2166282700","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cca.2003.1223128","title":"Bit streams: an alternative approach to digital controller implementation","display_name":"Bit streams: an alternative approach to digital controller implementation","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2166282700","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cca.2003.1223128","mag":"2166282700"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cca.2003.1223128","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cca.2003.1223128","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of 2003 IEEE Conference on Control Applications, 2003. CCA 2003.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032512352","display_name":"Nitish Patel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3459-5407"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"N. Patel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065282240","display_name":"George Coghill","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Coghill","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114377928","display_name":"Sing Kiong Nguang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4527-0082"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sing Kiong Nguang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032512352"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2633,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59324025,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"892","last_page":"897"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12162","display_name":"Cellular Automata and Applications","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11697","display_name":"Numerical Methods and Algorithms","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7389537692070007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bitstream","display_name":"Bitstream","score":0.6685935258865356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.608404815196991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-control","display_name":"Digital control","score":0.5482268929481506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cascade","display_name":"Cascade","score":0.5273576378822327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.5230365991592407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.4883250892162323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.469809353351593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit","display_name":"Bit (key)","score":0.4402191936969757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3773515522480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.33359819650650024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3051842451095581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.30441153049468994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12191882729530334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12112095952033997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.1028444766998291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09108999371528625}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7389537692070007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136695289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415568","display_name":"Bitstream","level":3,"score":0.6685935258865356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.608404815196991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158411068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2720568","display_name":"Digital control","level":2,"score":0.5482268929481506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34146451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5048094","display_name":"Cascade","level":2,"score":0.5273576378822327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.5230365991592407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.4883250892162323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.469809353351593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117011727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1278488","display_name":"Bit (key)","level":2,"score":0.4402191936969757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3773515522480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.33359819650650024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3051842451095581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.30441153049468994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12191882729530334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12112095952033997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.1028444766998291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09108999371528625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cca.2003.1223128","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cca.2003.1223128","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of 2003 IEEE Conference on Control Applications, 2003. CCA 2003.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1524219985","https://openalex.org/W1552300625","https://openalex.org/W1678180485","https://openalex.org/W2162718016"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2153719181","https://openalex.org/W1971748923","https://openalex.org/W2060986072","https://openalex.org/W2119626116","https://openalex.org/W1566155057","https://openalex.org/W2137804590","https://openalex.org/W2005006301","https://openalex.org/W2130100961","https://openalex.org/W2352380146","https://openalex.org/W2037887240"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"a":[1,4,20,32,36,45,48],"digital":[2,58,94],"controller,":[3],"multi-bit":[5,46],"binary":[6],"word":[7,23,47],"is":[8,82],"produced":[9],"at":[10],"regular":[11],"intervals,":[12],"which":[13],"an":[14],"arithmetic":[15],"unit":[16],"uses":[17],"to":[18,39,84,107],"generate":[19],"new":[21],"control":[22,63],"for":[24,67,110],"the":[25,53,61,91],"next":[26],"sampling":[27],"interval.":[28],"This":[29],"paper":[30],"proposes":[31],"similar":[33,83],"and":[34,56,77,88,112],"yet":[35],"different":[37],"technique":[38,102],"implement":[40,60,108],"cascade":[41],"controllers.":[42],"Instead":[43],"of":[44,93,100],"single":[49],"bit":[50],"stream":[51],"represents":[52],"analogue":[54],"signal":[55],"elementary":[57],"gates":[59],"required":[62],"algorithm.":[64],"Bit-stream":[65],"controllers":[66,87,109],"two":[68],"single-input":[69],"-single-output,":[70],"SISO,":[71],"systems":[72],"have":[73],"been":[74],"successfully":[75],"implemented":[76],"presented.":[78],"The":[79,96],"design":[80],"methodology":[81],"continuous":[85],"time":[86],"also":[89,103],"offers":[90],"versatility":[92],"systems.":[95,117],"inherently":[97],"parallel":[98],"nature":[99],"this":[101],"makes":[104],"it":[105],"possible":[106],"larger":[111],"more":[113],"complex":[114],"multiple-input-multiple-output,":[115],"MIMO,":[116]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}