{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2909462959","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cbs.2018.8612243","title":"Anodic Electrode Displacement Affect the Efficiency of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation: a Modeling Study on the Electrode Sizes","display_name":"Anodic Electrode Displacement Affect the Efficiency of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation: a Modeling Study on the Electrode Sizes","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2909462959","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cbs.2018.8612243","mag":"2909462959"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cbs.2018.8612243","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cbs.2018.8612243","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306498323","display_name":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Cyborg and Bionic Systems (CBS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Cyborg and Bionic Systems (CBS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101984157","display_name":"Luyao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6048-9985"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luyao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101554901","display_name":"Shirong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1860-2523"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shirong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robot System, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robot System, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010858259","display_name":"Ang Ke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6319-8777"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ang Ke","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073441672","display_name":"Xuecheng Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6404-5270"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuecheng Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005547966","display_name":"Jiping He","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiping He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robot System, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robot System, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"122","issue":null,"first_page":"511","last_page":"514"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10614","display_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10614","display_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transcranial-direct-current-stimulation","display_name":"Transcranial direct-current stimulation","score":0.8998241424560547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrode","display_name":"Electrode","score":0.8482773303985596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulation","display_name":"Stimulation","score":0.6419715881347656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.6162258386611938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomedical-engineering","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","score":0.5955823659896851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current-density","display_name":"Current density","score":0.5566744804382324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/displacement","display_name":"Displacement (psychology)","score":0.5524364113807678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-stimulation","display_name":"Brain stimulation","score":0.5304025411605835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.32153552770614624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.3002288341522217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.21872198581695557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.1627405881881714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08312895894050598}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777803708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q603398","display_name":"Transcranial direct-current stimulation","level":3,"score":0.8998241424560547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.8482773303985596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.6419715881347656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6162258386611938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5955823659896851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207740977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234072","display_name":"Current density","level":2,"score":0.5566744804382324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107551265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1458245","display_name":"Displacement (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5524364113807678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985799443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4955838","display_name":"Brain stimulation","level":3,"score":0.5304025411605835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.32153552770614624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.3002288341522217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.21872198581695557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.1627405881881714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08312895894050598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cbs.2018.8612243","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cbs.2018.8612243","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306498323","display_name":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Cyborg and Bionic Systems (CBS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Cyborg and Bionic Systems (CBS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.7300000190734863}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969367975","https://openalex.org/W1975487521","https://openalex.org/W1979140076","https://openalex.org/W2007021711","https://openalex.org/W2038755867","https://openalex.org/W2041157630","https://openalex.org/W2049012183","https://openalex.org/W2050236517","https://openalex.org/W2058264807","https://openalex.org/W2062741660","https://openalex.org/W2096590617","https://openalex.org/W2097273459","https://openalex.org/W2100733931","https://openalex.org/W2114738547","https://openalex.org/W2126906058","https://openalex.org/W2140086862","https://openalex.org/W2148532693","https://openalex.org/W2155884442","https://openalex.org/W2165525621","https://openalex.org/W2166073443","https://openalex.org/W2346587012","https://openalex.org/W2754793408","https://openalex.org/W2759480366"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386092312","https://openalex.org/W2096118154","https://openalex.org/W1605889908","https://openalex.org/W4311710260","https://openalex.org/W2122897514","https://openalex.org/W2611458899","https://openalex.org/W2501793425","https://openalex.org/W181831097","https://openalex.org/W162868248","https://openalex.org/W2769021531"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Transcranial":[0],"Direct":[1],"Current":[2,105],"Stimulation":[3],"(tDCS)":[4],"is":[5,66,168],"a":[6,93],"non-invasive":[7],"treatment":[8,45],"approach":[9],"aiming":[10],"at":[11],"modulating":[12],"brain":[13],"functions.":[14],"Conventional":[15],"large":[16,173],"patch":[17,174],"electrodes":[18,89,101,153,175,178],"and":[19,29,43,83,112,176],"emerging":[20],"dense":[21],"electrode":[22,75,131],"arrays":[23],"are":[24],"used":[25],"in":[26,36,160],"clinical":[27],"trials":[28],"results":[30,123],"show":[31],"great":[32],"promise":[33],"of":[34,54,63,72,88,102,128,136,179],"tDCS":[35,55],"both":[37,171],"cognitive":[38],"enhancement":[39],"for":[40,46,152,170],"healthy":[41],"subjects":[42],"disease":[44],"patients.":[47],"However,":[48],"inconsistent":[49],"outcomes":[50],"on":[51],"the":[52,60,69,73,77,86,109,129,137,142],"efficacy":[53],"were":[56,116],"recently":[57],"reported.":[58],"Besides":[59],"anatomical":[61],"differences":[62],"participants,":[64],"it":[65],"plausible":[67],"that":[68,125,165],"inevitable":[70],"displacement":[71,127],"stimulation":[74,91,130],"caused":[76],"inconsistency.":[78],"To":[79],"verify":[80],"this":[81,162],"hypothesis":[82],"analysis":[84],"how":[85],"size":[87],"affect":[90],"efficiency,":[92],"human":[94],"head":[95],"model":[96],"was":[97,147],"constructed":[98],"with":[99,154],"displaced":[100],"different":[103,155],"sizes.":[104,156],"density":[106,139],"induced":[107],"by":[108,118],"original":[110],"C3-Fp2":[111],"directional":[113],"shifting":[114],"montages":[115],"computed":[117],"finite":[119],"element":[120],"method.":[121],"Our":[122],"showed":[124],"minor":[126],"led":[132],"to":[133,141,149],"non-negligible":[134],"changes":[135],"current":[138],"distribution":[140],"targeting":[143,159],"cortex.":[144],"Peak":[145],"variance":[146],"up":[148],"45":[150],"percent":[151],"For":[157],"accurate":[158],"tDCS,":[161],"study":[163],"indicates":[164],"precise":[166],"placement":[167],"essential":[169],"conventional":[172],"small-size":[177],"high-density":[180],"arrays.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
