{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7124917080","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cbmi66578.2025.11339289","title":"A Mixed-Methods Investigation of XR Security Warnings\u2014Lessons Learned","display_name":"A Mixed-Methods Investigation of XR Security Warnings\u2014Lessons Learned","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7124917080","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cbmi66578.2025.11339289"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cbmi66578.2025.11339289","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cbmi66578.2025.11339289","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 International Conference on Content-Based Multimedia Indexing (CBMI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123409491","display_name":"Junyi Zou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55060895","display_name":"University of Greenwich","ror":"https://ror.org/00bmj0a71","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55060895"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Junyi Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing &#x0026; Mathematical Sciences, University of Greenwich,London,United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing &#x0026; Mathematical Sciences, University of Greenwich,London,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55060895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Riccardo Bovo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55060895","display_name":"University of Greenwich","ror":"https://ror.org/00bmj0a71","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55060895"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Riccardo Bovo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing &#x0026; Mathematical Sciences, University of Greenwich,London,United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing &#x0026; Mathematical Sciences, University of Greenwich,London,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55060895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123429021","display_name":"Ali Hamza","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55060895","display_name":"University of Greenwich","ror":"https://ror.org/00bmj0a71","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55060895"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Hamza","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing &#x0026; Mathematical Sciences, University of Greenwich,London,United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing &#x0026; Mathematical Sciences, University of Greenwich,London,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55060895"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Georgios Loukas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55060895","display_name":"University of Greenwich","ror":"https://ror.org/00bmj0a71","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55060895"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georgios Loukas","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing &#x0026; Mathematical Sciences, University of Greenwich,London,United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing &#x0026; Mathematical Sciences, University of Greenwich,London,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55060895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5123409491"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55060895"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79857162,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.3379000127315521,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.3379000127315521,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.1160999983549118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12607","display_name":"Personal Information Management and User Behavior","score":0.0940999984741211,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compromise","display_name":"Compromise","score":0.6269000172615051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action","display_name":"Action (physics)","score":0.5245000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modality","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","score":0.450300008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.357699990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.3012999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-policy","display_name":"Security policy","score":0.2994999885559082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46355384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q726686","display_name":"Compromise","level":2,"score":0.6269000172615051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5309000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5245000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48910000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888030","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","level":2,"score":0.450300008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.43880000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.357699990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.352400004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3012999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154908896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2167404","display_name":"Security policy","level":2,"score":0.2994999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.29820001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201025465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11248500","display_name":"User experience design","level":2,"score":0.29190000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6353995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027910","display_name":"Human-computer interaction in information security","level":5,"score":0.27140000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.2660999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29825287","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427940","display_name":"Warning system","level":2,"score":0.2630999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31352089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3750474","display_name":"Systems design","level":2,"score":0.25209999084472656}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cbmi66578.2025.11339289","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cbmi66578.2025.11339289","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 International Conference on Content-Based Multimedia Indexing (CBMI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:gala.gre.ac.uk:50979","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3559-5182","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401244","display_name":"Greenwich Academic Literature Archive (University of Greenwich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I55060895","host_organization_name":"University of Greenwich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55060895"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.46815598011016846}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2043143027","https://openalex.org/W2921886909","https://openalex.org/W3083090116","https://openalex.org/W3173834851","https://openalex.org/W4213432318","https://openalex.org/W4304688471","https://openalex.org/W4366549432","https://openalex.org/W4367662545","https://openalex.org/W4386432466","https://openalex.org/W4386947894","https://openalex.org/W4391468659","https://openalex.org/W4392405735","https://openalex.org/W4394880928","https://openalex.org/W4394915053","https://openalex.org/W4398793302","https://openalex.org/W4399126774","https://openalex.org/W4399175814","https://openalex.org/W4399556489","https://openalex.org/W4399783588","https://openalex.org/W4403279465","https://openalex.org/W4405585412"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"immersive":[1,116],"XR":[2,106],"environments":[3],"become":[4],"more":[5],"prevalent,":[6],"timely":[7],"and":[8,22,30,46,61,70,79,95,113],"effective":[9,105],"security":[10,107],"warnings":[11],"are":[12],"essential":[13],"to":[14,32],"protect":[15],"users":[16,28],"from":[17],"cyberattacks":[18],"that":[19,109],"compromise":[20],"performance":[21],"well-being.":[23],"This":[24],"paper":[25],"investigates":[26],"how":[27],"perceive":[29],"respond":[31],"in-headset":[33],"alerts":[34],"triggered":[35],"during":[36,115],"Denial-of-Service":[37],"(DoS)":[38],"attacks.":[39],"We":[40,82],"developed":[41],"a":[42],"real-time":[43],"warning":[44],"system":[45],"evaluated":[47],"its":[48],"effectiveness":[49],"across":[50],"three":[51,84],"pilot":[52],"studies":[53],"(<tex":[54],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[55],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$n$</tex>":[56],"=":[57],"46)":[58],"in":[59],"healthcare":[60],"industrial":[62],"training":[63],"scenarios.":[64],"Using":[65],"self-report":[66],"measures":[67],"(IDSQ,":[68],"SAM)":[69],"behavioural":[71],"categorization,":[72],"we":[73],"assessed":[74],"alert":[75],"comprehension,":[76],"urgency":[77,96],"perception,":[78],"user":[80,111],"action.":[81],"distil":[83],"design":[85],"lessons":[86],"emphasizing":[87],"the":[88],"importance":[89],"of":[90],"visual":[91],"salience,":[92],"modality":[93],"coordination,":[94],"calibration.":[97],"These":[98],"findings":[99],"offer":[100],"practical":[101],"guidance":[102],"for":[103],"designing":[104],"notifications":[108],"support":[110],"awareness":[112],"action":[114],"threats.":[117]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2026-01-21T00:00:00"}
