{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403675193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/case59546.2024.10711841","title":"A Positive-Unlabeled Learning Approach for Detecting Malicious In-app Purchases on the App Store","display_name":"A Positive-Unlabeled Learning Approach for Detecting Malicious In-app Purchases on the App Store","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403675193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/case59546.2024.10711841"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/case59546.2024.10711841","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/case59546.2024.10711841","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE 20th International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101996884","display_name":"Bowen Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3829-1563"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bowen Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi’an Jiaotong University,MOE KLINNS Lab, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering,Xi’an,China,710049"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi’an Jiaotong University,MOE KLINNS Lab, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering,Xi’an,China,710049","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028928702","display_name":"Zhenhua Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1367-8162"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziyi Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi’an Jiaotong University,MOE KLINNS Lab, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering,Xi’an,China,710049"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi’an Jiaotong University,MOE KLINNS Lab, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering,Xi’an,China,710049","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065675742","display_name":"Yadong Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0345-3518"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yadong Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi’an Jiaotong University,MOE KLINNS Lab, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering,Xi’an,China,710049"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi’an Jiaotong University,MOE KLINNS Lab, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering,Xi’an,China,710049","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028810902","display_name":"Sizhe He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5845-2267"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sizhe He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi’an Jiaotong University,MOE KLINNS Lab, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering,Xi’an,China,710049"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi’an Jiaotong University,MOE KLINNS Lab, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering,Xi’an,China,710049","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100355635","display_name":"Yang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5430-5406"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi’an Jiaotong University,MOE KLINNS Lab, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering,Xi’an,China,710049"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi’an Jiaotong University,MOE KLINNS Lab, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering,Xi’an,China,710049","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100418166","display_name":"Ting Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4228-7241"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ting Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi’an Jiaotong University,MOE KLINNS Lab, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering,Xi’an,China,710049"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi’an Jiaotong University,MOE KLINNS Lab, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering,Xi’an,China,710049","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054804733","display_name":"Xiaohong Guan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohong Guan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi’an Jiaotong University,MOE KLINNS Lab, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering,Xi’an,China,710049"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi’an Jiaotong University,MOE KLINNS Lab, Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering,Xi’an,China,710049","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101996884"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.29103342,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"239","last_page":"244"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7016216516494751}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7016216516494751}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/case59546.2024.10711841","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/case59546.2024.10711841","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE 20th International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337504","display_name":"Research and Development","ror":"https://ror.org/027s68j25"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1514928307","https://openalex.org/W2056729444","https://openalex.org/W2081390242","https://openalex.org/W2109628770","https://openalex.org/W2944842185","https://openalex.org/W2945876440","https://openalex.org/W2966614740","https://openalex.org/W3123368058","https://openalex.org/W3133038248","https://openalex.org/W3177355874","https://openalex.org/W4214489515","https://openalex.org/W4310794479","https://openalex.org/W4317233797","https://openalex.org/W4362552472","https://openalex.org/W6639056814"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Malicious":[0],"in-app":[1,73,154],"purchases":[2,17,74,141,155,181],"have":[3],"been":[4],"rampant":[5],"recently":[6],"and":[7,23,75,79,93,98,112,142,162,182],"caused":[8],"a":[9,30,56,113],"tremendous":[10],"financial":[11],"loss":[12],"for":[13,42],"app":[14],"developers.":[15],"These":[16],"rarely":[18],"leave":[19],"anomalous":[20],"content":[21],"information":[22],"are":[24,40],"difficult":[25],"to":[26,119,123,178],"label,":[27],"so":[28],"only":[29],"few":[31],"labeled":[32],"positive":[33,78,97,161],"(malicious)":[34],"samples":[35,164],"can":[36,174],"be":[37,175],"obtained":[38],"which":[39],"insufficient":[41],"supervised":[43],"learning.":[44,62],"Facing":[45],"the":[46,53,69,102,106,124,128,140,150,166],"challenge":[47],"above,":[48],"this":[49],"paper":[50],"deals":[51],"with":[52],"problem":[54],"from":[55,82,101,165],"novel":[57],"perspective":[58],"by":[59,169,186],"modeling":[60],"Positive-Unlabeled":[61],"Our":[63],"proposed":[64],"approach":[65],"(PULA)":[66],"first":[67],"leverages":[68],"prior":[70],"knowledge":[71],"of":[72,139,153],"gets":[76],"likely":[77,88,103],"negative":[80,99,163],"examples":[81,89,100],"unlabeled":[83,125,167],"ones.":[84],"Then,":[85],"we":[86,134],"divide":[87],"into":[90],"several":[91],"subsets":[92],"iteratively":[94],"extract":[95],"reliable":[96,160],"examples.":[104],"Finally,":[105],"transaction":[107],"association":[108],"graph":[109],"is":[110,117],"constructed,":[111],"belief":[114],"propagation":[115],"algorithm":[116],"developed":[118],"propagate":[120],"existing":[121],"labels":[122],"ones":[126,168],"on":[127,149],"graph.":[129],"For":[130],"more":[131],"effective":[132],"classification,":[133],"also":[135],"deliberately":[136],"design":[137],"features":[138],"test":[143],"their":[144],"validity.":[145],"The":[146],"experimental":[147],"results":[148],"real":[151],"data":[152],"show":[156],"that":[157],"after":[158],"extracting":[159],"PULA,":[170],"classic":[171],"classification":[172],"methods":[173],"easily":[176],"used":[177],"detect":[179],"malicious":[180],"outperform":[183],"baseline":[184],"algorithms":[185],"23.04%":[187],"in":[188],"AUC":[189],"at":[190],"least.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-27T23:08:20.325037","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}