{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414432596","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/case58245.2025.11163843","title":"Strengthening Cyber Defenses for Networked Autonomous Robots","display_name":"Strengthening Cyber Defenses for Networked Autonomous Robots","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414432596","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/case58245.2025.11163843"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/case58245.2025.11163843","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/case58245.2025.11163843","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 21st International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093869266","display_name":"Oluwafemi Ajeigbe","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Oluwafemi Ajeigbe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas A&M University,Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering,College Station,TX,USA,77843"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas A&M University,Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering,College Station,TX,USA,77843","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100413737","display_name":"Jaewon Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3021-729X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaewon Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas A&M Global Cyber Research Institute,College Station,TX,USA,77843"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas A&M Global Cyber Research Institute,College Station,TX,USA,77843","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119704137","display_name":"Ryan Ozelton","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryan Ozelton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas A&M University,Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering,College Station,TX,USA,77843"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas A&M University,Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering,College Station,TX,USA,77843","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103013548","display_name":"J. Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4728-3449"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeremy Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas A&M University,Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering,College Station,TX,USA,77843"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas A&M University,Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering,College Station,TX,USA,77843","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Anthony Munoz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony Munoz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas A&M University,Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering,College Station,TX,USA,77843"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas A&M University,Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering,College Station,TX,USA,77843","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062938524","display_name":"S\u00e9bastien Roy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1262-9485"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sandip Roy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas A&M Global Cyber Research Institute,College Station,TX,USA,77843"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas A&M Global Cyber Research Institute,College Station,TX,USA,77843","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5093869266"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.32403567,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2402","last_page":"2407"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9265999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9199000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.828499972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.6431999802589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.5562000274658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5327000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.4927999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot","display_name":"Mobile robot","score":0.4668000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.4244999885559082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.828499972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.6431999802589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6373000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.5562000274658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5327000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5005999803543091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.4927999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.4668000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4429999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4291999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.4244999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.40369999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3725000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778835581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2916098","display_name":"Autonomous robot","level":4,"score":0.3628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.31310001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.30399999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780864053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5147495","display_name":"Collision avoidance","level":3,"score":0.28529998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11560541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1756025","display_name":"Replay attack","level":3,"score":0.2831000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9628104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788009","display_name":"Autonomous system (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.27970001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.26190000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59519942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650665","display_name":"Drone","level":2,"score":0.258899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.2531000077724457}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/case58245.2025.11163843","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/case58245.2025.11163843","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 IEEE 21st International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2593182419","https://openalex.org/W2744331360","https://openalex.org/W2798302089","https://openalex.org/W2973798619","https://openalex.org/W2990724145","https://openalex.org/W3156877806","https://openalex.org/W3162448362","https://openalex.org/W3175984392","https://openalex.org/W3186195672","https://openalex.org/W3214893631","https://openalex.org/W4387377875","https://openalex.org/W4396784110","https://openalex.org/W4407793603"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"compact":[1],"testbed":[2,135],"for":[3,8,78,84,91,140],"assessing":[4],"cyber-attacks":[5],"and":[6,41,49,70,87,103,144],"defenses":[7],"autonomous":[9,148],"mobile":[10],"robots":[11],"is":[12,21],"developed,":[13],"using":[14],"the":[15,29],"TurtleBot3":[16],"(TB3)":[17],"platform.":[18],"The":[19,134],"TB3":[20],"set":[22],"up":[23],"to":[24,99],"perform":[25],"tracking":[26,62],"tasks":[27],"in":[28,147],"testbed.":[30],"We":[31],"then":[32],"implement":[33],"three":[34,72],"classes":[35],"of":[36],"attacks":[37,58,113],"targeting":[38],"camera,":[39],"LiDAR,":[40],"position":[42,92,116],"sensors":[43],"through":[44],"e.g.":[45],"spoofing,":[46],"temporal":[47],"delay,":[48],"replay,":[50],"respectively.":[51],"Our":[52],"experimental":[53],"setup":[54],"demonstrates":[55],"that":[56,111,126],"these":[57,66],"can":[59,114],"compromise":[60],"robot":[61],"performance.":[63],"To":[64],"address":[65],"vulnerabilities,":[67],"we":[68],"develop":[69],"validate":[71],"lightweight":[73],"de-fense":[74],"mechanisms:":[75],"dynamic":[76],"watermarking":[77],"camera":[79],"defense,":[80],"velocity":[81],"consistency":[82],"checking":[83],"LiDAR":[85,128],"validation,":[86],"model-based":[88],"variance":[89],"monitoring":[90],"attack":[93,101],"detection.":[94],"Experiments":[95],"have":[96,109],"been":[97],"conducted":[98],"assess":[100],"impacts":[102],"defense":[104,129,145],"implications.":[105],"For":[106],"instance,":[107],"experiments":[108,124],"shown":[110],"replay":[112],"cause":[115],"errors":[117],"exceeding":[118],"0.4m":[119],"within":[120,132],"15":[121],"seconds.":[122],"Likewise,":[123],"indicate":[125],"our":[127],"achieves":[130],"detection":[131],"200ms.":[133],"provides":[136],"a":[137],"practical":[138],"framework":[139],"evaluating":[141],"cyber-physical":[142],"vulnerabilities":[143],"strategies":[146],"robotic":[149],"systems.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T23:56:10.502304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}