{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3092328707","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/case48305.2020.9216956","title":"Automatic Classification of Heartbeats Using ECG Signals via Higher Order Hidden Markov Model","display_name":"Automatic Classification of Heartbeats Using ECG Signals via Higher Order Hidden Markov Model","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3092328707","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/case48305.2020.9216956","mag":"3092328707"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/case48305.2020.9216956","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/case48305.2020.9216956","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE 16th International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102001593","display_name":"Ying Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8830-0926"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12315562","display_name":"Texas Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/0405mnx93","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12315562"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial, Manufacturing & Systems Engineering, Texas Tech University, 2500 Broadway Lubbock, Texas"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial, Manufacturing & Systems Engineering, Texas Tech University, 2500 Broadway Lubbock, Texas","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12315562"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063225585","display_name":"Yisha Xiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0696-2924"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12315562","display_name":"Texas Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/0405mnx93","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12315562"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yisha Xiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial, Manufacturing & Systems Engineering, Texas Tech University, 2500 Broadway Lubbock, Texas"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial, Manufacturing & Systems Engineering, Texas Tech University, 2500 Broadway Lubbock, Texas","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12315562"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035820159","display_name":"Dongping Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7095-6946"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12315562","display_name":"Texas Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/0405mnx93","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12315562"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongping Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial, Manufacturing & Systems Engineering, Texas Tech University, 2500 Broadway Lubbock, Texas"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial, Manufacturing & Systems Engineering, Texas Tech University, 2500 Broadway Lubbock, Texas","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12315562"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12315562"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"69","last_page":"74"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9783999919891357,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heartbeat","display_name":"Heartbeat","score":0.9419021606445312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.8422495722770691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7528010606765747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6928423047065735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.6834126710891724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6650596857070923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5635998845100403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4582166075706482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.44299015402793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.08296504616737366}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13852961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17021880","display_name":"Heartbeat","level":2,"score":0.9419021606445312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.8422495722770691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7528010606765747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6928423047065735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.6834126710891724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6650596857070923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5635998845100403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4582166075706482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.44299015402793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.08296504616737366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/case48305.2020.9216956","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/case48305.2020.9216956","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE 16th International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.49000000953674316,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W171292237","https://openalex.org/W1978142137","https://openalex.org/W1994277825","https://openalex.org/W1996894363","https://openalex.org/W2017487767","https://openalex.org/W2034409864","https://openalex.org/W2100537461","https://openalex.org/W2101166342","https://openalex.org/W2103308415","https://openalex.org/W2104614052","https://openalex.org/W2108396267","https://openalex.org/W2109550800","https://openalex.org/W2123770794","https://openalex.org/W2125838338","https://openalex.org/W2132300419","https://openalex.org/W2158266063","https://openalex.org/W2162693370","https://openalex.org/W2164882523","https://openalex.org/W2167274237","https://openalex.org/W2251133041","https://openalex.org/W2805817353","https://openalex.org/W6606997615","https://openalex.org/W6751901566"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385543909","https://openalex.org/W3039320222","https://openalex.org/W3199640442","https://openalex.org/W1898280036","https://openalex.org/W2315807364","https://openalex.org/W2382278803","https://openalex.org/W2113096447","https://openalex.org/W2803040299","https://openalex.org/W2376695684","https://openalex.org/W1974738623"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Analysis":[0],"of":[1,12,46,119],"heartbeat":[2,31,87],"signals":[3],"is":[4,83,112],"critical":[5],"to":[6,75,85,100,114],"provide":[7],"information":[8],"for":[9,139],"the":[10,64,72,90,116,120,131],"diagnosis":[11],"cardiac":[13],"diseases,":[14],"e.g.,":[15],"beat":[16],"detection,":[17],"segmentation":[18],"and":[19,58,102],"classification":[20,32,59,117,133],"based":[21,34],"on":[22,35,77],"electrocardiogram":[23],"(ECG)":[24],"signals.":[25],"This":[26],"paper":[27],"proposes":[28],"an":[29],"automatic":[30],"system":[33,44,122,134],"higher":[36],"order":[37],"hidden":[38,66,73],"Markov":[39,67],"models":[40],"(HOHMMs).":[41],"The":[42,61,94],"proposed":[43,121],"consists":[45],"four":[47],"stages:":[48],"ECG":[49,92],"signal":[50],"preprocessing":[51],"stage,":[52,55,57],"HOHMM":[53,62],"learning":[54],"decoding":[56],"stage.":[60],"extends":[63],"basic":[65],"model":[68],"(HMM)":[69],"by":[70],"allowing":[71],"state":[74],"depend":[76],"its":[78],"more":[79],"distant":[80],"past,":[81],"which":[82],"used":[84,99],"identify":[86],"patterns":[88],"utilizing":[89],"collected":[91],"data.":[93],"learned":[95],"HOHMMs":[96],"are":[97],"then":[98],"decode":[101],"classify":[103],"new":[104],"heartbeats":[105],"with":[106],"unknown":[107],"types.":[108],"A":[109],"case":[110],"study":[111],"conducted":[113],"evaluate":[115],"performance":[118],"using":[123],"MIT-BIH":[124],"Arrhythmia":[125],"database.":[126],"Experimental":[127],"results":[128],"show":[129],"that":[130],"developed":[132],"performs":[135],"reasonably":[136],"well,":[137],"especially":[138],"arrhythmia":[140],"detection.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
