{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3012409794","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/camsap45676.2019.9022654","title":"Unbiased Conversion of Passive Sensor Measurements","display_name":"Unbiased Conversion of Passive Sensor Measurements","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3012409794","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/camsap45676.2019.9022654","mag":"3012409794"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/camsap45676.2019.9022654","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/camsap45676.2019.9022654","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE 8th International Workshop on Computational Advances in Multi-Sensor Adaptive Processing (CAMSAP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027178609","display_name":"Michael Kowalski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9087-5000"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140172145","display_name":"University of Connecticut","ror":"https://ror.org/02der9h97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael Kowalski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044127482","display_name":"Yaakov Bar\u2010Shalom","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1317-3368"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140172145","display_name":"University of Connecticut","ror":"https://ror.org/02der9h97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaakov Bar-Shalom","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019392883","display_name":"Peter Willett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8443-5586"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I140172145","display_name":"University of Connecticut","ror":"https://ror.org/02der9h97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Willett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008261505","display_name":"Tim Fair","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142803","display_name":"Toyon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03ae5ch37","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142803"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tim Fair","raw_affiliation_strings":["Toyon Research Corporation, Sterling, VA, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Toyon Research Corporation, Sterling, VA, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142803"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027178609"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I140172145"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.20795851,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"505","last_page":"509"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11325","display_name":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartesian-coordinate-system","display_name":"Cartesian coordinate system","score":0.8196719884872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triangulation","display_name":"Triangulation","score":0.6339021921157837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersection","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","score":0.5837669968605042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5333191156387329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.49176648259162903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.4494955241680145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.33921322226524353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2659188508987427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20041349530220032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.09165295958518982}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16038011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62912","display_name":"Cartesian coordinate system","level":2,"score":0.8196719884872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135981907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188056","display_name":"Triangulation","level":2,"score":0.6339021921157837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64543145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162942","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5837669968605042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5333191156387329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.49176648259162903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4494955241680145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.33921322226524353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2659188508987427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20041349530220032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.09165295958518982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/camsap45676.2019.9022654","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/camsap45676.2019.9022654","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE 8th International Workshop on Computational Advances in Multi-Sensor Adaptive Processing (CAMSAP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8100000023841858,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1531532259","https://openalex.org/W1974599169","https://openalex.org/W1983765397","https://openalex.org/W2026450369","https://openalex.org/W2061362828","https://openalex.org/W2098554080","https://openalex.org/W2113908741","https://openalex.org/W2145001205","https://openalex.org/W2162419158","https://openalex.org/W2562542622","https://openalex.org/W2963469257","https://openalex.org/W6682124274","https://openalex.org/W6730665439"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W768569191","https://openalex.org/W2348909947","https://openalex.org/W2352472571","https://openalex.org/W4292672442","https://openalex.org/W2084086966","https://openalex.org/W2362101859","https://openalex.org/W2941610985","https://openalex.org/W2791431590","https://openalex.org/W4235810826","https://openalex.org/W2936648265"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Passive":[0],"sensor":[1,92],"target":[2],"tracking":[3,9],"has":[4],"the":[5,13,30,38,41,68,88,100],"challenge":[6],"to":[7,28],"3-D":[8],"applications":[10,79],"in":[11,67,104],"that":[12],"raw":[14,31],"angle-only":[15,93],"measurements":[16,32,35,94],"cannot":[17],"be":[18,26],"converted":[19],"into":[20,33,95],"Cartesian":[21,34,96],"measurements.":[22],"Multi-sensor":[23],"methods":[24,60],"can":[25,61,81],"used":[27],"convert":[29],"by":[36],"finding":[37],"intersection":[39],"of":[40,44,50,58,73,90],"two":[42],"lines":[43],"sight.":[45],"Examples":[46],"include":[47],"triangulation,":[48],"law":[49],"sines,":[51],"and":[52,98],"maximum":[53],"likelihood":[54],"estimation.":[55],"However,":[56],"many":[57],"these":[59],"have":[62],"an":[63],"inherent":[64],"bias":[65,102],"present":[66,103],"conversion":[69,89,101],"as":[70],"a":[71],"result":[72],"its":[74],"nonlinearity.":[75],"In":[76],"long":[77],"range":[78],"this":[80],"cause":[82],"significant":[83],"error.":[84],"This":[85],"paper":[86],"investigates":[87],"passive":[91],"coordinates":[97],"evaluates":[99],"triangulation.":[105]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}