{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2793454090","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/camsap.2017.8313119","title":"Local strong convexity of maximum-likelihood TDOA-Based source localization and its algorithmic implications","display_name":"Local strong convexity of maximum-likelihood TDOA-Based source localization and its algorithmic implications","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2793454090","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/camsap.2017.8313119","mag":"2793454090"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/camsap.2017.8313119","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/camsap.2017.8313119","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE 7th International Workshop on Computational Advances in Multi-Sensor Adaptive Processing (CAMSAP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020742575","display_name":"Huikang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8952-3339"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Huikang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Syst. Eng. & Eng. Manag., The Chinese Univ. of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Syst. Eng. & Eng. Manag., The Chinese Univ. of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069327861","display_name":"Yuen-Man Pun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6196-2022"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuen-Man Pun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Syst. Eng. & Eng. Manag., The Chinese Univ. of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Syst. Eng. & Eng. Manag., The Chinese Univ. of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105881332","display_name":"Anthony Man\u2013Cho So","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2588-7851"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony Man-Cho So","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, HK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, HK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020742575"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.43,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67403312,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilateration","display_name":"Multilateration","score":0.8219771385192871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.667512059211731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relaxation","display_name":"Relaxation (psychology)","score":0.5953018665313721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convexity","display_name":"Convexity","score":0.5939264893531799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/least-squares-function-approximation","display_name":"Least-squares function approximation","score":0.5561950206756592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5132408142089844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.48888248205184937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-likelihood-sequence-estimation","display_name":"Maximum likelihood sequence estimation","score":0.46540266275405884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convex-function","display_name":"Convex function","score":0.4605270028114319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.455354243516922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4452565014362335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4338931441307068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-likelihood","display_name":"Maximum likelihood","score":0.43275997042655945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.42664024233818054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regular-polygon","display_name":"Regular polygon","score":0.4227890074253082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation-theory","display_name":"Estimation theory","score":0.41774463653564453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convex-optimization","display_name":"Convex optimization","score":0.41045716404914856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.20292097330093384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.11643445491790771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.07708096504211426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104037064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1640884","display_name":"Multilateration","level":3,"score":0.8219771385192871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.667512059211731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776029896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3935810","display_name":"Relaxation (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5953018665313721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72134830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166524","display_name":"Convexity","level":2,"score":0.5939264893531799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9936470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6510405","display_name":"Least-squares function approximation","level":3,"score":0.5561950206756592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5132408142089844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.48888248205184937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191462741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795902","display_name":"Maximum likelihood sequence estimation","level":3,"score":0.46540266275405884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145446738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q319913","display_name":"Convex function","level":3,"score":0.4605270028114319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.455354243516922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4452565014362335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4338931441307068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49781872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045555","display_name":"Maximum likelihood","level":2,"score":0.43275997042655945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.42664024233818054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112680207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q714886","display_name":"Regular polygon","level":2,"score":0.4227890074253082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.41774463653564453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157972887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463359","display_name":"Convex optimization","level":3,"score":0.41045716404914856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.20292097330093384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11643445491790771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.07708096504211426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106159729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294553","display_name":"Financial economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/camsap.2017.8313119","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/camsap.2017.8313119","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 IEEE 7th International Workshop on Computational Advances in Multi-Sensor Adaptive Processing (CAMSAP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W250076511","https://openalex.org/W1797584875","https://openalex.org/W1965392255","https://openalex.org/W1996215314","https://openalex.org/W2023004272","https://openalex.org/W2108294956","https://openalex.org/W2133490805","https://openalex.org/W2134618502","https://openalex.org/W2135401627","https://openalex.org/W2140266441","https://openalex.org/W2167890607","https://openalex.org/W2335083313","https://openalex.org/W2461920567","https://openalex.org/W2781153464","https://openalex.org/W2962970675"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1499442185","https://openalex.org/W2366184732","https://openalex.org/W2379466508","https://openalex.org/W1985311370","https://openalex.org/W1573889165","https://openalex.org/W2392411825","https://openalex.org/W1559074081","https://openalex.org/W257189624","https://openalex.org/W2393350255","https://openalex.org/W3023909498"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,63],"consider":[1],"the":[2,14,19,29,32,37,45,54,60,69,73,77,99,114,122,132,144,148,165,177,185],"problem":[3,80,117],"of":[4,18,35,59,76,134,150,176],"single":[5],"source":[6,56,178],"localization":[7],"using":[8],"time-difference-of-arrival":[9],"(TDOA)":[10],"measurements.":[11],"By":[12],"analyzing":[13],"maximum-likelihood":[15],"(ML)":[16],"formulation":[17],"problem,":[20],"we":[21,160],"show":[22],"that":[23,72,92,164],"under":[24],"certain":[25],"mild":[26],"assumptions":[27],"on":[28,147],"measurement":[30],"noise,":[31],"estimation":[33,79,116],"errors":[34],"both":[36],"closed-form":[38],"least-squares":[39],"estimate":[40],"proposed":[41],"in":[42],"[1]":[43],"and":[44,103,121,141,167],"ML":[46,78,115],"estimate,":[47],"as":[48,98],"measured":[49],"by":[50,128],"their":[51],"distances":[52],"to":[53,67,109,113,143],"true":[55],"location,":[57],"are":[58,139],"same":[61],"order.":[62],"then":[64],"use":[65],"this":[66],"establish":[68],"curious":[70],"result":[71],"objective":[74],"function":[75],"is":[81],"actually":[82],"locally":[83],"strongly":[84],"convex":[85],"at":[86],"an":[87,110],"optimal":[88,111],"solution.":[89],"This":[90],"implies":[91],"some":[93,181],"lightweight":[94,151],"solution":[95,112,152],"methods,":[96,106,183],"such":[97],"gradient":[100],"descent":[101],"(GD)":[102],"Levenberg-Marquardt":[104],"(LM)":[105],"will":[107],"converge":[108],"when":[118],"properly":[119],"initialized,":[120],"convergence":[123],"rates":[124],"can":[125,170],"be":[126],"determined":[127],"standard":[129],"arguments.":[130],"To":[131],"best":[133],"our":[135],"knowledge,":[136],"these":[137],"results":[138],"new":[140],"contribute":[142],"growing":[145],"literature":[146],"effectiveness":[149],"methods":[153,169],"for":[154],"structured":[155],"non-convex":[156],"optimization":[157],"problems.":[158],"Lastly,":[159],"demonstrate":[161],"via":[162],"simulations":[163],"GD":[166],"LM":[168],"indeed":[171],"produce":[172],"more":[173],"accurate":[174],"estimates":[175],"location":[179],"than":[180],"existing":[182],"including":[184],"widely":[186],"used":[187],"semidefinite":[188],"relaxation-based":[189],"methods.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}