{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2060608631","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/camsap.2013.6714096","title":"A framework for actuator placement in large scale power systems: Minimal strong structural controllability","display_name":"A framework for actuator placement in large scale power systems: Minimal strong structural controllability","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2060608631","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/camsap.2013.6714096","mag":"2060608631"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/camsap.2013.6714096","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/camsap.2013.6714096","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 5th IEEE International Workshop on Computational Advances in Multi-Sensor Adaptive Processing (CAMSAP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040066595","display_name":"S\u00e9rgio Pequito","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5143-1543"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203847022","display_name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/04ea70f07","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203847022"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["PT","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sergio Pequito","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for System and Robotics, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Technical University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA, , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for System and Robotics, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Technical University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203847022"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA, , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005712996","display_name":"Nipun Popli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6204-6544"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nipun Popli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA, , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA, , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077268766","display_name":"Soummya Kar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8060-5581"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soummya Kar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA, , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA, , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101598580","display_name":"Marija Ili\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6835-197X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marija D. Ilic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA, , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA, , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069883451","display_name":"A. Pedro Aguiar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7105-0505"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141596103","display_name":"University of Lisbon","ror":"https://ror.org/01c27hj86","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182534213","display_name":"Universidade do Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/043pwc612","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Pedro Aguiar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto (FEUP), Porto, Portugal","Inst. for Syst. & Robot., Tech. Univ. of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto (FEUP), Porto, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182534213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. for Syst. & Robot., Tech. Univ. of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141596103"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040066595"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203847022","https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.48,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70127259,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"416","last_page":"419"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10305","display_name":"Power System Optimization and Stability","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10305","display_name":"Power System Optimization and Stability","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controllability","display_name":"Controllability","score":0.9043558835983276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/actuator","display_name":"Actuator","score":0.7223260402679443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.5881519317626953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.568284809589386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.5589265823364258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lti-system-theory","display_name":"LTI system theory","score":0.5087535977363586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.48961693048477173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-system","display_name":"Linear system","score":0.47042346000671387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.45738285779953003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.44789230823516846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.38922569155693054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.34074199199676514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.33669477701187134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22706755995750427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21882551908493042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.21766424179077148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1868971884250641}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48209547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331104","display_name":"Controllability","level":2,"score":0.9043558835983276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.7223260402679443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5881519317626953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.568284809589386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.5589265823364258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87698059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1808960","display_name":"LTI system theory","level":3,"score":0.5087535977363586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.48961693048477173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6802819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1072174","display_name":"Linear system","level":2,"score":0.47042346000671387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.45738285779953003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.44789230823516846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.38922569155693054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.34074199199676514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.33669477701187134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22706755995750427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21882551908493042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.21766424179077148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1868971884250641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/camsap.2013.6714096","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/camsap.2013.6714096","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 5th IEEE International Workshop on Computational Advances in Multi-Sensor Adaptive Processing (CAMSAP)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5299999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W287703190","https://openalex.org/W295317498","https://openalex.org/W1566908961","https://openalex.org/W1971604476","https://openalex.org/W1988531173","https://openalex.org/W2003949298","https://openalex.org/W2011039300","https://openalex.org/W2021198525","https://openalex.org/W2042973636","https://openalex.org/W2049708951","https://openalex.org/W2063943959","https://openalex.org/W2064006648","https://openalex.org/W2093992309","https://openalex.org/W2128356789","https://openalex.org/W2158946062","https://openalex.org/W2304026854"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2054831413","https://openalex.org/W2003019938","https://openalex.org/W1999673819","https://openalex.org/W1493380407","https://openalex.org/W3209184047","https://openalex.org/W4237454804","https://openalex.org/W1942635442","https://openalex.org/W2170835896","https://openalex.org/W1990421243","https://openalex.org/W1556353120"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,44],"addresses":[2,45],"the":[3,43,46,50,66,77,106,113,120],"problem":[4,47],"of":[5,8,48,53,98,105,123],"minimal":[6,51,96,121],"placement":[7,97],"actuators":[9],"in":[10],"large-scale":[11,19],"linear":[12],"time":[13],"invariant":[14],"(LTI)":[15],"systems,":[16,21],"such":[17,75,95],"as":[18],"power":[20],"for":[22,130],"dynamic":[23],"controller":[24],"design.":[25],"A":[26],"novel":[27],"sufficient":[28],"and":[29,65,86],"necessary":[30],"condition":[31],"to":[32,93,127],"ensure":[33],"a":[34,61],"strong":[35,132],"structurally":[36],"controllable":[37],"(SSC)":[38],"system":[39,79],"is":[40,80,101,110],"proposed.":[41,102],"Specifically,":[42],"obtaining":[49],"number":[52,122],"dedicated":[54,99],"inputs,":[55],"i.e.,":[56],"inputs":[57,100],"which":[58],"actuate":[59],"only":[60],"single":[62],"state":[63,68,125],"variable,":[64],"respective":[67],"variables":[69,126],"they":[70],"should":[71],"be":[72,128],"assigned":[73],"to,":[74],"that":[76],"LTI":[78],"SSC.":[81],"In":[82],"addition,":[83],"an":[84],"efficient":[85],"scalable":[87],"algorithm,":[88],"with":[89],"polynomial":[90],"implementation":[91],"complexity,":[92],"achieve":[94],"An":[103],"illustration":[104],"proposed":[107],"design":[108],"methodology":[109],"provided":[111],"on":[112],"IEEE":[114],"5-bus":[115],"test":[116],"system,":[117],"thereby":[118],"identifying":[119],"physical":[124],"actuated":[129],"ensuring":[131],"structural":[133],"controllability.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-28T14:05:53.105641","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}