{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2164081616","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bwcca.2012.110","title":"Optimal Number of Cluster Head Selection for Efficient Distribution of Sources in WSNs","display_name":"Optimal Number of Cluster Head Selection for Efficient Distribution of Sources in WSNs","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2164081616","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bwcca.2012.110","mag":"2164081616"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bwcca.2012.110","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bwcca.2012.110","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 Seventh International Conference on Broadband, Wireless Computing, Communication and Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1208.2399","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112256240","display_name":"M.S. Fareed","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M.S. Fareed","raw_affiliation_strings":["COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055380996","display_name":"Nadeem Javaid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3777-8249"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Javaid","raw_affiliation_strings":["COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102832138","display_name":"Mariam Akbar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6192-8265"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Akbar","raw_affiliation_strings":["COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011574206","display_name":"Shafiq Ul Rehman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2266-218X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188771183","display_name":"Iqra University","ror":"https://ror.org/00thhhw55","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188771183"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Rehman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Iqra University, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Iqra University, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188771183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103102201","display_name":"U. Qasim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7965-2834"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"U. Qasim","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043620442","display_name":"Zahoor Ali Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7101-2979"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129902397","display_name":"Dalhousie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01e6qks80","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Z.A. Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129902397"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112256240"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.256,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89290707,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"632","last_page":"637"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12879","display_name":"Distributed Sensor Networks and Detection Algorithms","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11498","display_name":"Security in Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.8251975774765015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7176612019538879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.6663354635238647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.6271449327468872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5814346671104431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.5775763392448425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.5203127861022949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5055713653564453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","score":0.4637734293937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.4491356611251831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3314802050590515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13326036930084229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09263116121292114}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.8251975774765015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7176612019538879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.6663354635238647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.6271449327468872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5814346671104431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5775763392448425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5203127861022949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5055713653564453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164866538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367351","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","level":2,"score":0.4637734293937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.4491356611251831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3314802050590515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13326036930084229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09263116121292114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bwcca.2012.110","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bwcca.2012.110","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 Seventh International Conference on Broadband, Wireless Computing, Communication and Applications","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1208.2399","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1208.2399","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1208.2399","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1208.2399","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1208.2399","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1208.2399","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1493144892","https://openalex.org/W1518446223","https://openalex.org/W1536895586","https://openalex.org/W1539665860","https://openalex.org/W2032262213","https://openalex.org/W2104846640","https://openalex.org/W2119106551","https://openalex.org/W2151378170","https://openalex.org/W2158637477","https://openalex.org/W6631026684","https://openalex.org/W6632498872","https://openalex.org/W6677939675"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4298130764","https://openalex.org/W2804364458","https://openalex.org/W2132641928","https://openalex.org/W4310225030","https://openalex.org/W2090259340","https://openalex.org/W1975451135","https://openalex.org/W2393816671","https://openalex.org/W2158836806","https://openalex.org/W2083665254","https://openalex.org/W1926736923"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"compare":[4,195],"problems":[5],"of":[6,25,33,51,118,175,187,197,204],"cluster":[7],"formation":[8],"and":[9,18,45,110,125,130,152,160],"cluster-head":[10],"selection":[11],"between":[12,89],"different":[13,198],"protocols":[14,157,199],"for":[15,41,188],"data":[16],"aggregation":[17],"transmission.":[19],"We":[20,177],"focus":[21],"on":[22],"two":[23],"aspects":[24],"the":[26,116,131,163],"problem:":[27],"(i)":[28],"how":[29,47],"to":[30,36,48,53,86,145,148,173,183,194,200],"guess":[31],"number":[32,50,186],"clusters":[34,99],"required":[35],"proficiently":[37],"consume":[38],"available":[39],"sources":[40],"a":[42,77,81,140,179],"sensor":[43,56,61],"network,":[44],"(ii)":[46],"select":[49,184],"cluster-heads":[52],"cover":[54],"up":[55],"networks":[57],"more":[58,171],"proficiently.":[59],"A":[60],"in":[62,80,84,100,150],"Wireless":[63],"Sensor":[64],"Networks":[65],"(WSNs)":[66],"can":[67],"communicate":[68],"directly":[69],"only":[70],"with":[71,115],"other":[72],"sensors":[73,90],"that":[74,165],"are":[75,192],"within":[76,92],"radio":[78],"range":[79],"cluster.":[82],"However,":[83],"order":[85],"enable":[87],"communication":[88,93],"not":[91,143],"range,":[94],"they":[95],"must":[96],"form":[97],"new":[98],"distributed":[101],"sensors.":[102],"Several":[103],"clustering":[104],"algorithms":[105],"such":[106],"as":[107],"LEACH,":[108],"DEEC,":[109],"SEP":[111,159],"have":[112],"been":[113],"proposed":[114],"objectives":[117],"energy":[119,136,167],"minimization,":[120],"route-path":[121],"selection,":[122],"increased":[123],"connectivity":[124,151],"network":[126],"longevity.":[127],"LEACH":[128],"protocol":[129],"similar":[132],"ones":[133],"assume":[134],"an":[135],"homogeneous":[137],"system":[138],"where":[139],"node":[141],"is":[142,166,170],"likely":[144],"fail":[146],"due":[147],"failure":[149],"packet":[153],"dropping.":[154],"More":[155],"recent":[156],"like":[158],"TEEN":[161],"considered":[162],"reverse":[164],"heterogeneity":[168],"which":[169],"applicable":[172],"case":[174],"WSNs.":[176],"developed":[178],"bi-dimensional":[180],"chain":[181],"model":[182],"average":[185],"DEEC.":[189],"Simulation":[190],"results":[191],"used":[193],"performance":[196],"found":[201],"optimal":[202],"solutions":[203],"above":[205],"mentioned":[206],"problems.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}