{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2979981005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/btas46853.2019.9185980","title":"Perception of Image Features in Post-Mortem Iris Recognition: Humans vs Machines","display_name":"Perception of Image Features in Post-Mortem Iris Recognition: Humans vs Machines","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2979981005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/btas46853.2019.9185980","mag":"2979981005"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/btas46853.2019.9185980","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/btas46853.2019.9185980","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE 10th International Conference on Biometrics Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1807.04049","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035145746","display_name":"Mateusz Trokielewicz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7363-8385"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136276","display_name":"NASK National Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ajsaw82","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136276"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mateusz Trokielewicz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biometrics and Machine Intelligence Lab, Research and Academic Computer Network, Kolska 12, 01045 Warsaw, Poland","Research and Academic Computer Network,Biometrics and Machine Intelligence Lab,Kolska 12,01045 Warsaw,Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biometrics and Machine Intelligence Lab, Research and Academic Computer Network, Kolska 12, 01045 Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136276"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Academic Computer Network,Biometrics and Machine Intelligence Lab,Kolska 12,01045 Warsaw,Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136276"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067121774","display_name":"Adam Czajka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2379-2533"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam Czajka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA","University of Notre Dame"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Notre Dame","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085641574","display_name":"Piotr Maciejewicz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6725-6332"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I268303160","display_name":"Medical University of Warsaw","ror":"https://ror.org/04p2y4s44","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I268303160"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Piotr Maciejewicz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Warsaw, Lindleya 4, 02005 Warsaw, Poland","Medical University of Warsaw"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Warsaw, Lindleya 4, 02005 Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I268303160"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical University of Warsaw","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I268303160"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.11114493,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10992","display_name":"Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10751","display_name":"Forensic and Genetic Research","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iris-recognition","display_name":"Iris recognition","score":0.7748397588729858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7370877265930176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7173147797584534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salient","display_name":"Salient","score":0.7149631977081299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iris","display_name":"IRIS (biosensor)","score":0.668735146522522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.6655387878417969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5674029588699341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.49427080154418945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4751672148704529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4360713064670563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.4321095049381256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-eye","display_name":"Human eye","score":0.4168151915073395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3538103401660919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.14252838492393494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08319386839866638}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112356035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1672722","display_name":"Iris recognition","level":3,"score":0.7748397588729858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7370877265930176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7173147797584534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780719617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1030752","display_name":"Salient","level":2,"score":0.7149631977081299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779503344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5973514","display_name":"IRIS (biosensor)","level":3,"score":0.668735146522522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.6655387878417969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5674029588699341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.49427080154418945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4751672148704529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4360713064670563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.4321095049381256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781427961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q430024","display_name":"Human eye","level":2,"score":0.4168151915073395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3538103401660919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.14252838492393494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08319386839866638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/btas46853.2019.9185980","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/btas46853.2019.9185980","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE 10th International Conference on Biometrics Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1807.04049","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1807.04049","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1807.04049","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2979981005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1807.04049.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1807.04049","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1807.04049","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1807.04049","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1807.04049","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1807.04049","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2979981005.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2979981005.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965305672","https://openalex.org/W2043032205","https://openalex.org/W2102796633","https://openalex.org/W2167075312","https://openalex.org/W2198906585","https://openalex.org/W2206453907","https://openalex.org/W2295107390","https://openalex.org/W2508319669","https://openalex.org/W2517933622","https://openalex.org/W2525199082","https://openalex.org/W2564327313","https://openalex.org/W2566375426","https://openalex.org/W2586195663","https://openalex.org/W2592360663","https://openalex.org/W2776621604","https://openalex.org/W2780564062","https://openalex.org/W2809965762","https://openalex.org/W2849146531","https://openalex.org/W2962835968","https://openalex.org/W2962837960","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W3100133143","https://openalex.org/W3101650140","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6727735009","https://openalex.org/W6766263406"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3083683318","https://openalex.org/W2999541662","https://openalex.org/W2184740218","https://openalex.org/W2912184438","https://openalex.org/W2803583562","https://openalex.org/W1638298272","https://openalex.org/W3199452138","https://openalex.org/W3166247058","https://openalex.org/W3092841247","https://openalex.org/W2182153205","https://openalex.org/W2145938938","https://openalex.org/W2940931619","https://openalex.org/W2890104572","https://openalex.org/W3024055792","https://openalex.org/W2918845005","https://openalex.org/W3018305401","https://openalex.org/W2625367229","https://openalex.org/W3106946531","https://openalex.org/W1481380313","https://openalex.org/W2103107894"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Post-mortem":[0],"iris":[1,23,47,52,65,89,108,126,202,210],"recognition":[2,24,66,109],"can":[3,145,179],"offer":[4,146,180],"an":[5,64,79],"additional":[6],"forensic":[7,36],"method":[8,144,178],"of":[9,20,73,125,197],"personal":[10],"identification.":[11],"However,":[12],"in":[13,35,51,162],"contrary":[14],"to":[15,133,157,184,193],"already":[16],"well-established":[17],"human":[18,61,155,185],"examination":[19],"fingerprints,":[21],"making":[22],"human-interpretable":[25,147,195],"is":[26,39],"harder,":[27],"and":[28,96,115,138,160,166,199,204],"therefore":[29],"it":[30,131],"has":[31],"never":[32],"been":[33],"applied":[34],"proceedings.":[37],"There":[38],"no":[40],"strong":[41],"consensus":[42],"among":[43],"biometric":[44],"experts":[45,62],"which":[46],"features,":[48,171],"especially":[49],"those":[50],"images":[53,90],"acquired":[54],"post-mortem,":[55],"are":[56,94,111],"the":[57,82,102,107,122,135,190,205],"most":[58],"important":[59],"for":[60],"solving":[63,106],"task.":[67],"This":[68,129,187],"paper":[69,188],"explores":[70],"two":[71],"ways":[72],"broadening":[74],"this":[75],"knowledge:":[76],"(a)":[77,141],"with":[78,121],"eye":[80],"tracker,":[81],"salient":[83,158,209],"features":[84],"used":[85,169],"by":[86,101,150],"humans":[87,114,165],"comparing":[88],"on":[91],"a":[92,154,167,175,181],"screen":[93],"extracted,":[95],"(b)":[97,161],"class-activation":[98],"maps":[99,137],"produced":[100],"convolutional":[103],"neural":[104],"network":[105],"task":[110],"analyzed.":[112],"Both":[113],"deep":[116,142,176],"learning-based":[117,143,177],"solutions":[118],"were":[119],"examined":[120],"same":[123],"set":[124],"image":[127,211],"pairs.":[128],"made":[130],"possible":[132],"compare":[134],"attention":[136],"conclude":[139],"that":[140,174],"decisions":[148],"backed":[149],"visual":[151],"explanations":[152],"pointing":[153],"examiner":[156],"regions,":[159],"many":[163],"cases":[164],"machine":[168],"different":[170],"what":[172],"means":[173],"complementary":[182],"support":[183],"experts.":[186],"offers":[189],"first":[191],"known":[192],"us":[194],"comparison":[196],"machine-based":[198],"human-based":[200],"post-mortem":[201],"recognition,":[203],"trained":[206],"models":[207],"annotating":[208],"regions.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}