{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2217620843","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/btas.2015.7358799","title":"Towards fitting a 3D dense facial model to a 2D image: A landmark-free approach","display_name":"Towards fitting a 3D dense facial model to a 2D image: A landmark-free approach","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2217620843","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/btas.2015.7358799","mag":"2217620843"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/btas.2015.7358799","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/btas.2015.7358799","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE 7th International Conference on Biometrics Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081197053","display_name":"Yuhang Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0641-9107"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhang Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computational Biomedicine Lab Department of Computer Science, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational Biomedicine Lab Department of Computer Science, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101979047","display_name":"Xiang Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3814-7203"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computational Biomedicine Lab Department of Computer Science, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational Biomedicine Lab Department of Computer Science, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038747694","display_name":"Shishir K. Shah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4093-6906"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shishir K. Shah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computational Biomedicine Lab Department of Computer Science, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational Biomedicine Lab Department of Computer Science, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031773367","display_name":"Ioannis A. Kakadiaris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0591-1079"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ioannis A. Kakadiaris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computational Biomedicine Lab Department of Computer Science, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational Biomedicine Lab Department of Computer Science, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landmark","display_name":"Landmark","score":0.9656727910041809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7967915534973145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pose","display_name":"Pose","score":0.7956072092056274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.7287502288818359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7139865756034851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.6581293344497681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.5874081254005432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/projection","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","score":0.5530121922492981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-pose-estimation","display_name":"3D pose estimation","score":0.5123742818832397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/head","display_name":"Head (geology)","score":0.4681195318698883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.44223445653915405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.15299037098884583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.06265774369239807}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780297707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4895393","display_name":"Landmark","level":2,"score":0.9656727910041809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7967915534973145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52102323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671968","display_name":"Pose","level":2,"score":0.7956072092056274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7287502288818359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7139865756034851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.6581293344497681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5874081254005432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57493831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3134666","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5530121922492981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36613465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4636322","display_name":"3D pose estimation","level":3,"score":0.5123742818832397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780312720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5689100","display_name":"Head (geology)","level":2,"score":0.4681195318698883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.44223445653915405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.15299037098884583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.06265774369239807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/btas.2015.7358799","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/btas.2015.7358799","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE 7th International Conference on Biometrics Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7599999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W132857017","https://openalex.org/W1964674436","https://openalex.org/W1964896542","https://openalex.org/W1964896564","https://openalex.org/W1980216075","https://openalex.org/W1984066865","https://openalex.org/W1987752813","https://openalex.org/W1990766665","https://openalex.org/W1990937109","https://openalex.org/W2022566595","https://openalex.org/W2025217965","https://openalex.org/W2033819227","https://openalex.org/W2047291883","https://openalex.org/W2093922090","https://openalex.org/W2097369932","https://openalex.org/W2106014403","https://openalex.org/W2119633713","https://openalex.org/W2126767866","https://openalex.org/W2131081720","https://openalex.org/W2133295669","https://openalex.org/W2134724684","https://openalex.org/W2135046866","https://openalex.org/W2136863438","https://openalex.org/W2145808141","https://openalex.org/W2157285372","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2166743687","https://openalex.org/W2172272445","https://openalex.org/W2259379424","https://openalex.org/W3021282624","https://openalex.org/W6605335044","https://openalex.org/W6680522559"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4253893311","https://openalex.org/W3089306886","https://openalex.org/W2113785214","https://openalex.org/W2798721181","https://openalex.org/W3201205132","https://openalex.org/W4387967917","https://openalex.org/W4312694060","https://openalex.org/W4386075737","https://openalex.org/W4393563475","https://openalex.org/W4382141741"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Head":[0],"pose":[1,26,55,78],"estimation":[2,27,79],"helps":[3],"to":[4,10,17,39,52,63],"align":[5],"a":[6,11,49],"3D":[7],"face":[8],"model":[9],"2D":[12],"image,":[13],"which":[14],"is":[15,37],"critical":[16],"research":[18],"requiring":[19],"dense":[20],"2D-to-2D":[21],"or":[22,41],"3D-to-2D":[23],"correspondence.":[24],"Traditional":[25],"relies":[28],"strongly":[29],"on":[30],"the":[31,54],"accuracy":[32],"of":[33],"landmarks,":[34],"so":[35],"it":[36],"sensitive":[38],"missing":[40],"incorrect":[42],"landmarks.":[43],"In":[44],"this":[45,65],"paper,":[46],"we":[47,71],"propose":[48],"landmark-free":[50],"approach":[51],"estimate":[53,64],"projection":[56],"matrix.":[57],"The":[58],"method":[59],"can":[60],"be":[61],"used":[62],"matrix":[66],"in":[67],"unconstrained":[68],"scenarios":[69],"and":[70],"demonstrate":[72],"its":[73],"effectiveness":[74],"through":[75],"multiple":[76],"head":[77],"experiments.":[80]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}