{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2208605948","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/btas.2015.7358746","title":"A robust sclera segmentation algorithm","display_name":"A robust sclera segmentation algorithm","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2208605948","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/btas.2015.7358746","mag":"2208605948"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/btas.2015.7358746","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/btas.2015.7358746","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE 7th International Conference on Biometrics Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054780718","display_name":"Petru Radu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71052956","display_name":"University of Reading","ror":"https://ror.org/05v62cm79","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Petru Radu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computational Vision Group, University of Reading, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational Vision Group, University of Reading, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039804037","display_name":"James Ferryman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2194-4871"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71052956","display_name":"University of Reading","ror":"https://ror.org/05v62cm79","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Ferryman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computational Vision Group, University of Reading, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational Vision Group, University of Reading, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049416787","display_name":"Peter Wild","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8824-6827"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71052956","display_name":"University of Reading","ror":"https://ror.org/05v62cm79","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Wild","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computational Vision Group, University of Reading, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational Vision Group, University of Reading, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10250","display_name":"Glaucoma and retinal disorders","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9850999712944031,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sclera","display_name":"Sclera","score":0.8207137584686279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7431679964065552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.7328689694404602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7186877131462097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6819433569908142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.6103194355964661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5289048552513123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.487690806388855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.4807702898979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.45946407318115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmarking","display_name":"Benchmarking","score":0.4258759319782257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-space-segmentation","display_name":"Scale-space segmentation","score":0.41120970249176025}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777100477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193107","display_name":"Sclera","level":2,"score":0.8207137584686279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7431679964065552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.7328689694404602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7186877131462097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6819433569908142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.6103194355964661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5289048552513123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.487690806388855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.4807702898979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.45946407318115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86251818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816754","display_name":"Benchmarking","level":2,"score":0.4258759319782257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65885262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7429708","display_name":"Scale-space segmentation","level":4,"score":0.41120970249176025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/btas.2015.7358746","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/btas.2015.7358746","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE 7th International Conference on Biometrics Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:centaur.reading.ac.uk:47437","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402273","display_name":"CentAUR (University of Reading)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71052956","host_organization_name":"University of Reading","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"},{"id":"pmh:oai:centaur.reading.ac.uk:47437","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/view/creators/90005718.html>,","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402273","display_name":"CentAUR (University of Reading)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71052956","host_organization_name":"University of Reading","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71052956"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1482253155","https://openalex.org/W1551509530","https://openalex.org/W1835667965","https://openalex.org/W1990442416","https://openalex.org/W2001619934","https://openalex.org/W2024178148","https://openalex.org/W2036227434","https://openalex.org/W2055579676","https://openalex.org/W2118376687","https://openalex.org/W2124868070","https://openalex.org/W2127011353","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2139210474","https://openalex.org/W2139695910","https://openalex.org/W2153661170","https://openalex.org/W2154250222","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2408322947","https://openalex.org/W2487087946","https://openalex.org/W2544524004","https://openalex.org/W4301387646","https://openalex.org/W6713939394"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2185902295","https://openalex.org/W2103507220","https://openalex.org/W3144569342","https://openalex.org/W2945274617","https://openalex.org/W4313052709","https://openalex.org/W4205800335","https://openalex.org/W2055202857","https://openalex.org/W2022929107","https://openalex.org/W80586315","https://openalex.org/W2758994127"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sclera":[0,116],"segmentation":[1,16,42],"is":[2,58,70,85],"shown":[3],"to":[4,60,131],"be":[5],"of":[6,32,82,122,128,134],"significant":[7],"importance":[8],"for":[9,44],"eye":[10],"and":[11,63],"iris":[12],"biometrics.":[13],"However,":[14],"sclera":[15,41],"has":[17],"not":[18],"been":[19],"extensively":[20],"researched":[21],"as":[22,29],"a":[23,30,33,39,73,80,92,126,132],"separate":[24],"topic,":[25],"but":[26],"mainly":[27],"summarized":[28],"component":[31],"broader":[34],"task.":[35],"This":[36],"paper":[37],"proposes":[38],"novel":[40],"algorithm":[43],"colour":[45,53],"images":[46],"which":[47],"operates":[48,96],"at":[49,88,105],"pixel-level.":[50],"Exploring":[51],"various":[52],"spaces,":[54],"the":[55,77,89,98,103,106],"proposed":[56,110],"approach":[57],"robust":[59],"image":[61],"noise":[62],"different":[64],"gaze":[65],"directions.":[66],"The":[67,109],"algorithm's":[68],"robustness":[69],"enhanced":[71],"by":[72,102],"two-stage":[74],"classifier.":[75],"At":[76],"first":[78],"stage,":[79,91],"set":[81],"simple":[83],"classifiers":[84,104],"employed,":[86],"while":[87],"second":[90],"neural":[93],"network":[94],"classifier":[95],"on":[97],"probabilities'":[99],"space":[100],"generated":[101],"stage":[107],"1.":[108],"method":[111],"was":[112],"ranked":[113],"1st":[114],"in":[115],"Segmentation":[117],"Benchmarking":[118],"Competition":[119],"2015,":[120,124],"part":[121],"BTAS":[123],"with":[125],"precision":[127],"95.05%":[129],"corresponding":[130],"recall":[133],"94.56%.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
