{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2062120704","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/btas.2014.6996276","title":"Iris pattern obfuscation in digital images","display_name":"Iris pattern obfuscation in digital images","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2062120704","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/btas.2014.6996276","mag":"2062120704"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/btas.2014.6996276","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/btas.2014.6996276","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE International Joint Conference on Biometrics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032018053","display_name":"Shejin Thavalengal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3150-7157"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188760350","display_name":"Ollscoil na Gaillimhe \u2013 University of Galway","ror":"https://ror.org/03bea9k73","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188760350"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shejin Thavalengal","raw_affiliation_strings":["FotoNation, Bucharest, Romania","FotoNation, Galway, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FotoNation, Bucharest, Romania","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"FotoNation, Galway, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188760350"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056817142","display_name":"Ruxandra Vr\u00e2nceanu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruxandra Vranceanu","raw_affiliation_strings":["FotoNation, Bucharest, Romania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FotoNation, Bucharest, Romania","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068048094","display_name":"Razvan Condorovici","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Razvan G. Condorovici","raw_affiliation_strings":["FotoNation, Bucharest, Romania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FotoNation, Bucharest, Romania","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066217549","display_name":"Peter Corcoran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1670-4793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188760350","display_name":"Ollscoil na Gaillimhe \u2013 University of Galway","ror":"https://ror.org/03bea9k73","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188760350"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Corcoran","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland","National University of Ireland , Galway, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188760350"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Ireland , Galway, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188760350"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9486,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91763228,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13192","display_name":"Forensic Fingerprint Detection Methods","score":0.9814000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9801999926567078,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iris-recognition","display_name":"Iris recognition","score":0.8911714553833008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iris","display_name":"IRIS (biosensor)","score":0.8525810241699219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8310865759849548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obfuscation","display_name":"Obfuscation","score":0.8032782673835754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.7307305335998535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6930131912231445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoofing-attack","display_name":"Spoofing attack","score":0.6233150362968445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.5411016941070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.45636457204818726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.41753843426704407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.14486068487167358}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112356035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1672722","display_name":"Iris recognition","level":3,"score":0.8911714553833008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779503344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5973514","display_name":"IRIS (biosensor)","level":3,"score":0.8525810241699219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8310865759849548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40305131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2616305","display_name":"Obfuscation","level":2,"score":0.8032782673835754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7307305335998535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6930131912231445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167900197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081100","display_name":"Spoofing attack","level":2,"score":0.6233150362968445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.5411016941070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.45636457204818726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.41753843426704407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.14486068487167358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/btas.2014.6996276","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/btas.2014.6996276","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE International Joint Conference on Biometrics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321056","display_name":"Irish Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/051xex213"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W326188151","https://openalex.org/W1507235965","https://openalex.org/W1835667965","https://openalex.org/W1974821667","https://openalex.org/W1977507165","https://openalex.org/W1993621916","https://openalex.org/W2015050756","https://openalex.org/W2022596562","https://openalex.org/W2024264463","https://openalex.org/W2025065882","https://openalex.org/W2025546194","https://openalex.org/W2059016183","https://openalex.org/W2062583520","https://openalex.org/W2070040056","https://openalex.org/W2074461466","https://openalex.org/W2088714418","https://openalex.org/W2090425678","https://openalex.org/W2095828971","https://openalex.org/W2103802376","https://openalex.org/W2127392200","https://openalex.org/W2139695910","https://openalex.org/W2149064334","https://openalex.org/W2160451035","https://openalex.org/W2160687222","https://openalex.org/W2170096609","https://openalex.org/W4242186103","https://openalex.org/W4377984087","https://openalex.org/W6611262346","https://openalex.org/W6656301576","https://openalex.org/W6683436568","https://openalex.org/W6684705476"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2162640687","https://openalex.org/W2018223046","https://openalex.org/W2759939383","https://openalex.org/W2294693339","https://openalex.org/W2355560018","https://openalex.org/W2147209541","https://openalex.org/W2027539209","https://openalex.org/W4231710054","https://openalex.org/W2952386695","https://openalex.org/W2563133041"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"the":[1,17,80,84,96,141,145],"imaging":[2,22,61],"systems":[3],"in":[4,11,42,72,87],"handheld":[5],"devices":[6,62],"continue":[7],"to":[8,27,64,68,127],"improve,":[9],"both":[10],"terms":[12],"of":[13,19,83,98,140,147],"optical":[14],"quality":[15,32],"and":[16,75,122],"use":[18],"advanced":[20],"computational":[21],"techniques,":[23],"we":[24,113],"are":[25,130,138],"close":[26],"a":[28,66,88],"point":[29],"where":[30],"high":[31],"iris":[33,51,70,100,119],"images":[34],"can":[35,44,104],"be":[36,45,105],"obtained":[37],"from":[38],"personal":[39,60],"images,":[40],"which":[41,103,129],"turn":[43],"used":[46,107],"for":[47,58,108,118],"spoofing":[48],"attacks":[49],"against":[50],"recognition":[52],"system.":[53],"Thus":[54],"an":[55],"emerging":[56],"challenge":[57],"next-generation":[59],"is":[63],"provide":[65],"means":[67],"obfuscate":[69],"pattern":[71,120],"digital":[73],"photographs":[74],"videos,":[76],"but":[77],"without":[78],"destroying":[79],"photo-realistic":[81],"qualities":[82],"eye":[85,148],"regions":[86],"photograph":[89],"or":[90],"video.":[91],"This":[92],"will":[93],"effectively":[94],"reduce":[95],"chance":[97],"obtaining":[99],"patterns":[101],"easily,":[102],"later":[106],"spoofing.":[109],"In":[110,133],"this":[111],"paper":[112],"propose":[114],"five":[115],"different":[116],"techniques":[117],"obfuscation":[121],"perform":[123],"some":[124,135],"initial":[125],"testing":[126],"evaluate":[128],"more":[131],"robust.":[132],"addition":[134],"representative":[136],"samples":[137],"provided":[139],"visible":[142],"effects":[143],"on":[144],"appearance":[146],"regions.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}