{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2136808691","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/btas.2012.6374583","title":"Face recognition: Impostor-based measures of uniqueness and quality","display_name":"Face recognition: Impostor-based measures of uniqueness and quality","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2136808691","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/btas.2012.6374583","mag":"2136808691"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/btas.2012.6374583","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/btas.2012.6374583","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE Fifth International Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053736218","display_name":"Brendan Klare","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1332518125","display_name":"Noblis","ror":"https://ror.org/04q8hbr41","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1332518125"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brendan F. Klare","raw_affiliation_strings":["Noblis, Inc., Falls Church, VA, USA","Noblis, Falls Church, VA, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Noblis, Inc., Falls Church, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1332518125"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Noblis, Falls Church, VA, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1332518125"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100613677","display_name":"Anil K. Jain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6369-6995"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anil K. Jain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA","Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8023,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88948992,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"237","last_page":"244"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11094","display_name":"Face Recognition and Perception","score":0.9799000024795532,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uniqueness","display_name":"Uniqueness","score":0.854741632938385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6854820847511292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.6610968708992004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.5908635854721069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.5800426602363586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5545555353164673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5309017896652222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interoperability","display_name":"Interoperability","score":0.5263189673423767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.5019245147705078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.48650258779525757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.4645073115825653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.24119797348976135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.14872217178344727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.05961683392524719}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777021972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22976830","display_name":"Uniqueness","level":2,"score":0.854741632938385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6854820847511292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.6610968708992004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.5908635854721069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5800426602363586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5545555353164673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5309017896652222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.5263189673423767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.5019245147705078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.48650258779525757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4645073115825653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24119797348976135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.14872217178344727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.05961683392524719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/btas.2012.6374583","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/btas.2012.6374583","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE Fifth International Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W250991979","https://openalex.org/W1529175421","https://openalex.org/W1533303231","https://openalex.org/W1578352865","https://openalex.org/W1973614050","https://openalex.org/W1980732600","https://openalex.org/W2005898539","https://openalex.org/W2072313242","https://openalex.org/W2123992189","https://openalex.org/W2125860240","https://openalex.org/W2126823869","https://openalex.org/W2128580395","https://openalex.org/W2129312524","https://openalex.org/W2134013617","https://openalex.org/W2144653558","https://openalex.org/W2728217542","https://openalex.org/W2799061466","https://openalex.org/W4205687621","https://openalex.org/W6631923913","https://openalex.org/W6678397964"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W571281153","https://openalex.org/W2949403936","https://openalex.org/W4301247218","https://openalex.org/W3023806604","https://openalex.org/W2952139525","https://openalex.org/W2129818458","https://openalex.org/W4289551052","https://openalex.org/W4390756076","https://openalex.org/W4243074410","https://openalex.org/W2093262417"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"present":[1],"a":[2,29,37,89],"framework,":[3],"called":[4,40],"uniqueness-based":[5],"nonmatch":[6],"estimates":[7,61],"(UNE),":[8],"which":[9],"demonstrates":[10],"the":[11,26,34,41,48,67,95,105,135,138],"ability":[12,107],"to":[13,133],"improve":[14],"face":[15,20,50,56,101,111,127],"recognition":[16,112],"performance":[17],"of":[18,25,36,80,99,108,137],"any":[19,54,55],"matcher.":[21],"The":[22,46],"first":[23],"aspect":[24],"framework":[27,73],"is":[28],"novel":[30],"metric":[31],"for":[32,97],"measuring":[33],"uniqueness":[35,43],"given":[38],"individual,":[39],"impostor-based":[42],"measure":[44],"(IUM).":[45],"UNE":[47],"maps":[49],"match":[51],"scores":[52],"from":[53],"matcher":[57],"into":[58],"non-match":[59],"probability":[60],"that":[62,93],"are":[63,115],"conditionally":[64],"dependent":[65],"on":[66,117],"probe":[68],"image's":[69],"IUM.":[70],"Using":[71],"this":[72],"we":[74],"demonstrate:":[75],"(i)":[76],"an":[77,118],"improved":[78,85],"generalization":[79],"matching":[81,86],"thresholds":[82],"(and,":[83],"subsequently,":[84],"accuracy),":[87],"(ii)":[88],"score":[90],"normalization":[91],"technique":[92],"improves":[94],"interoperability":[96],"users":[98],"different":[100,126],"matchers,":[102],"and":[103],"(iii)":[104],"predictive":[106],"IUM":[109],"towards":[110],"accuracy.":[113],"Studies":[114],"conducted":[116],"operational":[119],"dataset":[120],"with":[121],"16,000":[122],"subjects":[123],"using":[124],"three":[125],"matchers":[128],"(two":[129],"commercial,":[130],"one":[131],"proprietary)":[132],"demonstrate":[134],"effectiveness":[136],"proposed":[139],"framework.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-25T07:29:55.448023","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}