{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2075621163","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/btas.2010.5634480","title":"Human perceptual categorization of iris texture patterns","display_name":"Human perceptual categorization of iris texture patterns","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2075621163","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/btas.2010.5634480","mag":"2075621163"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/btas.2010.5634480","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/btas.2010.5634480","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2010 Fourth IEEE International Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060162836","display_name":"Louise Stark","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119942576","display_name":"University of the Pacific","ror":"https://ror.org/05ma4gw77","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119942576"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Louise Stark","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of the Paci?c, Stockton, Stockton, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of the Paci?c, Stockton, Stockton, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119942576"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019673624","display_name":"Kevin W. Bowyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7562-4390"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin W. Bowyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109141610","display_name":"Stephen Siena","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen Siena","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060162836"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119942576"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6971,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90513552,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/categorization","display_name":"Categorization","score":0.9291734099388123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iris-recognition","display_name":"Iris recognition","score":0.8348242044448853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iris","display_name":"IRIS (biosensor)","score":0.7440122365951538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine-indexing","display_name":"Search engine indexing","score":0.7045934200286865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.697540283203125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.6953564286231995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6730762720108032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/texture","display_name":"Texture (cosmology)","score":0.6282862424850464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5824655294418335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5350452661514282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.49968433380126953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.48834726214408875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.35948446393013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3401169776916504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.26915299892425537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.20384523272514343}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94124525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912550","display_name":"Categorization","level":2,"score":0.9291734099388123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112356035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1672722","display_name":"Iris recognition","level":3,"score":0.8348242044448853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779503344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5973514","display_name":"IRIS (biosensor)","level":3,"score":0.7440122365951538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75165309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2258979","display_name":"Search engine indexing","level":2,"score":0.7045934200286865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.697540283203125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.6953564286231995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6730762720108032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781195486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q289436","display_name":"Texture (cosmology)","level":3,"score":0.6282862424850464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5824655294418335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5350452661514282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.49968433380126953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.48834726214408875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.35948446393013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3401169776916504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.26915299892425537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.20384523272514343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/btas.2010.5634480","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/btas.2010.5634480","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2010 Fourth IEEE International Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1516591826","https://openalex.org/W1587465650","https://openalex.org/W1998890624","https://openalex.org/W2077265636","https://openalex.org/W2099107531","https://openalex.org/W2103393227","https://openalex.org/W2119550461","https://openalex.org/W2133995247","https://openalex.org/W2138087096","https://openalex.org/W2141142507","https://openalex.org/W2154367286","https://openalex.org/W2438833314","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6631051202","https://openalex.org/W6674640160","https://openalex.org/W6682348986"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2162640687","https://openalex.org/W2018223046","https://openalex.org/W2151970936","https://openalex.org/W2759939383","https://openalex.org/W2294693339","https://openalex.org/W2557390811","https://openalex.org/W2355560018","https://openalex.org/W2147209541","https://openalex.org/W3133795085","https://openalex.org/W4231710054"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"report":[1],"on":[2,24],"an":[3,76,83],"experiment":[4],"in":[5],"which":[6],"observers":[7],"were":[8],"asked":[9],"to":[10,79],"browse":[11],"a":[12,35,42,94],"set":[13],"of":[14,26,38,45,62,82,93],"100":[15],"iris":[16,39,66,84],"images":[17,40],"and":[18,48,86],"group":[19],"them":[20],"into":[21,41,51],"categories":[22],"based":[23],"similarity":[25],"overall":[27],"texture":[28,67],"appearance.":[29],"Results":[30],"indicate":[31],"that":[32],"there":[33],"is":[34],"natural":[36],"categorization":[37,55,68],"small":[43],"number":[44],"high-level":[46],"categories,":[47],"then":[49],"also":[50],"subcategories.":[52],"Also,":[53],"the":[54,57,63],"reflects":[56],"Caucasian":[58],"/":[59,87],"Asian":[60],"ethnicity":[61],"person.":[64,95],"This":[65],"has":[69],"potential":[70],"application":[71],"in,":[72],"for":[73],"example,":[74],"creating":[75],"indexing":[77],"algorithm":[78],"speed":[80],"search":[81],"database":[85],"or":[88],"determining":[89],"soft":[90],"biometric":[91],"traits":[92]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}