{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389250043","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bsn58485.2023.10331055","title":"Physiological Markers Reveal Confounding Effects of Apprehension and Habituation During Stress Protocol","display_name":"Physiological Markers Reveal Confounding Effects of Apprehension and Habituation During Stress Protocol","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389250043","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bsn58485.2023.10331055"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bsn58485.2023.10331055","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bsn58485.2023.10331055","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 19th International Conference on Body Sensor Networks (BSN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012617737","display_name":"Asim H. Gazi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4698-2823"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Asim H. Gazi","raw_affiliation_strings":["GT,School of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Atlanta,GA,USA","School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, GT, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GT,School of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Atlanta,GA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, GT, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001751042","display_name":"Jesus Antonio Sanchez-Perez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6678-3613"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jesus Antonio Sanchez-Perez","raw_affiliation_strings":["GT,School of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Atlanta,GA,USA","School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, GT, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GT,School of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Atlanta,GA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, GT, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023621766","display_name":"Michael Chan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7417-7210"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802612298","display_name":"The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/02j15s898","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444","https://openalex.org/I150468666","https://openalex.org/I2802612298"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Chan","raw_affiliation_strings":["GT,Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering,Atlanta,GA,USA","Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, GT, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GT,Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering,Atlanta,GA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802612298"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, GT, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802612298"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044224118","display_name":"Mohammad Nikbakht","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Nikbakht","raw_affiliation_strings":["GT,School of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Atlanta,GA,USA","School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, GT, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GT,School of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Atlanta,GA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, GT, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025168071","display_name":"David J. Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-2362"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David J. Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["GT,School of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Atlanta,GA,USA","School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, GT, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GT,School of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Atlanta,GA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, GT, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111084962","display_name":"Shlok Natarajan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152658","display_name":"Active Technologies (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/03zp7nb85","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152658"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shlok Natarajan","raw_affiliation_strings":["GT,School of Interactive Computing,Atlanta,GA,USA","School of Interactive Computing, GT, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GT,School of Interactive Computing,Atlanta,GA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152658"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Interactive Computing, GT, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090528070","display_name":"J. Douglas Bremner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1633-6433"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149289","display_name":"Atlanta VA Health Care System","ror":"https://ror.org/041t78y98","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210131075","https://openalex.org/I4210149289"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Douglas Bremner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Emory University School of Medicine,Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences and the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,Atlanta,GA,USA","Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA","Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences and the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emory University School of Medicine,Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences and the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,Atlanta,GA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Atlanta Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149289"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences and the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057276590","display_name":"Jin\u2010Oh Hahn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5429-2836"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin-Oh Hahn","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland,Department of Mechanical Engineering,College Park,MD,USA","Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland,Department of Mechanical Engineering,College Park,MD,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076927036","display_name":"Omer T. Inan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7952-1794"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802612298","display_name":"The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/02j15s898","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444","https://openalex.org/I150468666","https://openalex.org/I2802612298"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omer T. Inan","raw_affiliation_strings":["GT,School of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Atlanta,GA,USA","School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, GT, Atlanta, GA, USA","Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, GT, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GT,School of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Atlanta,GA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, GT, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, GT, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802612298"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011481913","display_name":"Christopher J. Rozell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5173-1661"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher J. Rozell","raw_affiliation_strings":["GT,School of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Atlanta,GA,USA","School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, GT, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GT,School of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Atlanta,GA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, GT, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012617737"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3592,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83775025,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10645","display_name":"Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/habituation","display_name":"Habituation","score":0.9360150694847107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stressor","display_name":"Stressor","score":0.8003427982330322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stress","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","score":0.5558837652206421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.47940847277641296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traumatic-stress","display_name":"Traumatic stress","score":0.46646320819854736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confounding","display_name":"Confounding","score":0.4357069134712219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audiology","display_name":"Audiology","score":0.3956088423728943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-psychology","display_name":"Clinical psychology","score":0.3835684657096863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.3432607054710388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.15043291449546814}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50610925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136816","display_name":"Habituation","level":2,"score":0.9360150694847107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125370674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1527480","display_name":"Stressor","level":2,"score":0.8003427982330322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21036866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181767","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5558837652206421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.47940847277641296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778159538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16920843","display_name":"Traumatic stress","level":2,"score":0.46646320819854736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77350462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1125472","display_name":"Confounding","level":2,"score":0.4357069134712219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.3956088423728943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.3835684657096863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3432607054710388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.15043291449546814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bsn58485.2023.10331055","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bsn58485.2023.10331055","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 19th International Conference on Body Sensor Networks (BSN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.6600000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309321","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332815","display_name":"Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973744916","https://openalex.org/W2026836897","https://openalex.org/W2037600975","https://openalex.org/W2107200508","https://openalex.org/W2953750776","https://openalex.org/W2958197594","https://openalex.org/W3193517151","https://openalex.org/W4200165088","https://openalex.org/W4293340110","https://openalex.org/W4315472893","https://openalex.org/W4389542485"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974089501","https://openalex.org/W2611753819","https://openalex.org/W2088977183","https://openalex.org/W2132921858","https://openalex.org/W2052143611","https://openalex.org/W2018610517","https://openalex.org/W78964092","https://openalex.org/W2147292125","https://openalex.org/W2072371975","https://openalex.org/W2066614523"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Studies":[0],"of":[1,30,56,67,140,163,201,215],"stress":[2,133,146,151,188,216],"often":[3],"assume":[4],"that":[5,37,119,162,180],"baseline":[6],"periods,":[7],"stressors,":[8],"and":[9,32,41,84,90,108],"neutral":[10,85,106,138,156,184],"conditions":[11,139],"elicit":[12],"their":[13],"intended":[14,226],"responses.":[15,48],"This":[16],"assumption":[17],"may":[18],"not":[19],"always":[20],"hold.":[21],"In":[22],"this":[23,145],"study,":[24],"we":[25,59,99],"use":[26],"a":[27,53,75,183],"comprehensive":[28],"set":[29],"cardiovascular":[31],"respiratory":[33,91],"markers":[34],"to":[35,45,81,104,125,147,177,221],"demonstrate":[36],"factors":[38],"including":[39],"habituation":[40,120],"apprehension":[42,181],"can":[43,186],"lead":[44],"unintended":[46],"physiological":[47,102,123,219,234],"Re-analyzing":[49],"the":[50,101,122,136,141,150,154,164,171,175,211,224],"data":[51,172,202],"from":[52],"previous":[54,97],"investigation":[55],"traumatic":[57,82,109,127,166],"stress,":[58],"studied":[60],"N":[61],"=":[62],"26":[63],"participants":[64,71],"with":[65,161,192,230],"history":[66],"prior":[68],"trauma.":[69],"These":[70,195],"took":[72],"part":[73],"in":[74,233],"three-hour":[76],"protocol":[77],"involving":[78],"repeated":[79,126],"exposure":[80],"stressors":[83],"conditions.":[86],"Electrocardiogram,":[87],"photoplethysmogram,":[88],"seismocardiogram,":[89],"effort":[92],"signals":[93],"were":[94],"collected.":[95],"Unlike":[96],"studies,":[98],"investigated":[100],"responses":[103,124,134,189],"each":[105],"condition":[107,157,185],"stressor":[110],"separately,":[111],"rather":[112],"than":[113],"aggregating":[114],"over":[115],"repetitions.":[116],"We":[117,129,143],"find":[118],"reduces":[121],"stressors.":[128],"also":[130],"observe":[131],"transient":[132],"during":[135,153,182],"first":[137,155,176],"protocol.":[142,212],"attribute":[144],"apprehension.":[148],"Notably,":[149],"exhibited":[152],"was":[158],"on":[159,190,210],"par":[160,191],"second":[165],"stressor.":[167],"To":[168],"our":[169],"knowledge,":[170],"herein":[173],"are":[174,228],"quantitatively":[178],"show":[179],"produce":[187],"trauma":[193],"recall.":[194],"results":[196],"advocate":[197],"against":[198],"classifying":[199],"periods":[200],"as":[203],"\"stress\"":[204],"or":[205],"\"no":[206],"stress\"":[207],"based":[208],"solely":[209],"Instead,":[213],"studies":[214],"should":[217],"incorporate":[218],"sensing":[220],"assess":[222],"whether":[223],"protocol\u2019s":[225],"effects":[227],"consistent":[229],"observed":[231],"changes":[232],"markers.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}