{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3196195804","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bsn51625.2021.9507016","title":"Towards Motion-Aware Passive Resting Respiratory Rate Monitoring Using Earbuds","display_name":"Towards Motion-Aware Passive Resting Respiratory Rate Monitoring Using Earbuds","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3196195804","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bsn51625.2021.9507016","mag":"3196195804"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bsn51625.2021.9507016","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bsn51625.2021.9507016","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 17th International Conference on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks (BSN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103222656","display_name":"Md. Mahbubur Rahman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3236-1666"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133173","display_name":"Research!America (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/044pgyv50","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133173"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101778","display_name":"Samsung (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01bfbvm65","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Md Mahbubur Rahman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Research America"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Research America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101778","https://openalex.org/I4210133173"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082927308","display_name":"Tousif Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1085-6294"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133173","display_name":"Research!America (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/044pgyv50","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133173"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101778","display_name":"Samsung (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01bfbvm65","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tousif Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Research America"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Research America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101778","https://openalex.org/I4210133173"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085962998","display_name":"Mohsin Y Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3361-838X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101778","display_name":"Samsung (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01bfbvm65","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133173","display_name":"Research!America (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/044pgyv50","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133173"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohsin Yusuf Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Research America"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Research America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101778","https://openalex.org/I4210133173"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045088073","display_name":"Ebrahim Nemati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6406-1086"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101778","display_name":"Samsung (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01bfbvm65","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133173","display_name":"Research!America (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/044pgyv50","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133173"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ebrahim Nemati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Research America"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Research America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101778","https://openalex.org/I4210133173"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002191960","display_name":"Minh Dinh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2121-111X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minh Dinh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Design and Innovation Center"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Design and Innovation Center","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066235567","display_name":"Nathan Folkman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nathan Folkman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Design and Innovation Center"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Design and Innovation Center","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061480012","display_name":"Md Mehedi Hasan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4952-0739"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101778","display_name":"Samsung (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01bfbvm65","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133173","display_name":"Research!America (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/044pgyv50","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133173"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md Mehedi Hasan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Research America"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Research America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101778","https://openalex.org/I4210133173"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002167339","display_name":"Jilong Kuang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2942-9102"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101778","display_name":"Samsung (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01bfbvm65","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133173","display_name":"Research!America (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/044pgyv50","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133173"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jilong Kuang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Research America"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Research America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101778","https://openalex.org/I4210133173"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101868862","display_name":"Jun Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3114-8457"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101778","display_name":"Samsung (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01bfbvm65","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210101778"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133173","display_name":"Research!America (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/044pgyv50","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133173"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Alex Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung Research America"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Research America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101778","https://openalex.org/I4210133173"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103222656"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101778","https://openalex.org/I4210133173"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4178,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56729735,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10322","display_name":"Respiratory Support and Mechanisms","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10234","display_name":"Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breathing","display_name":"Breathing","score":0.7673661708831787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7224153280258179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-rate","display_name":"Respiratory rate","score":0.6591825485229492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion","display_name":"Motion (physics)","score":0.5102684497833252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stride","display_name":"STRIDE","score":0.48975658416748047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/head","display_name":"Head (geology)","score":0.4142935872077942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.38902485370635986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3853360414505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.36580929160118103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.32767295837402344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-rate","display_name":"Heart rate","score":0.16665446758270264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.15862873196601868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anesthesia","display_name":"Anesthesia","score":0.07453486323356628}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39300077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9530","display_name":"Breathing","level":2,"score":0.7673661708831787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7224153280258179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8213797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754250","display_name":"Respiratory rate","level":4,"score":0.6591825485229492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5102684497833252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18007350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7394815","display_name":"STRIDE","level":2,"score":0.48975658416748047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780312720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5689100","display_name":"Head (geology)","level":2,"score":0.4142935872077942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.38902485370635986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3853360414505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.36580929160118103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.32767295837402344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777953023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1073121","display_name":"Heart rate","level":3,"score":0.16665446758270264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.15862873196601868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.07453486323356628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bsn51625.2021.9507016","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bsn51625.2021.9507016","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 17th International Conference on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks (BSN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1535687102","https://openalex.org/W2020624939","https://openalex.org/W2021362271","https://openalex.org/W2032512569","https://openalex.org/W2151089245","https://openalex.org/W2157407723","https://openalex.org/W2326035627","https://openalex.org/W2345478461","https://openalex.org/W2443322392","https://openalex.org/W2756058504","https://openalex.org/W2795048404","https://openalex.org/W2955427566","https://openalex.org/W2955745546","https://openalex.org/W3009004195","https://openalex.org/W3010261584","https://openalex.org/W3012867801","https://openalex.org/W3039962535","https://openalex.org/W6718540742"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2347597433","https://openalex.org/W2389023277","https://openalex.org/W2562411628","https://openalex.org/W2124672917","https://openalex.org/W3034772098","https://openalex.org/W2100563491","https://openalex.org/W2921132911","https://openalex.org/W2098383409","https://openalex.org/W2042041186","https://openalex.org/W3196195804"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Breathing":[0],"rate":[1,41,58,71,100,106],"is":[2,17,50,145],"an":[3,8],"important":[4],"vital":[5],"sign":[6],"and":[7,13,119,133],"indicator":[9],"of":[10,38,52,74],"overall":[11],"health":[12],"fitness.":[14],"Traditionally":[15],"breathing":[16,40,57,70,99,159],"monitored":[18],"using":[19,42,60,78,164],"specialized":[20],"devices":[21],"such":[22],"as":[23,88],"chestband":[24,87],"or":[25],"spirometers":[26],"which":[27],"are":[28],"uncomfortable":[29],"for":[30,56],"daily":[31,162],"use.":[32],"Recent":[33],"works":[34],"show":[35,93],"the":[36,53,86,121,136,148],"feasibility":[37],"estimating":[39],"earbuds'":[43],"motion":[44,49,77,118,132,144],"sensors.":[45],"However,":[46],"non-breathing":[47,75,142],"head":[48,76,117,131,143],"one":[51],"biggest":[54],"challenges":[55],"estimation":[59],"earbuds.":[61,84,166],"In":[62],"this":[63],"paper,":[64],"we":[65,92],"propose":[66],"algorithms":[67,96,113,127],"to":[68],"estimate":[69,98],"in":[72,82,101,147,161],"presence":[73],"inertial":[79],"sensors":[80],"embedded":[81],"commodity":[83,165],"Using":[85],"a":[89,154],"reference":[90],"device,":[91],"that":[94],"our":[95,126],"can":[97,114,128,152],"resting":[102],"positions":[103],"with":[104],"error":[105,122,137],"2.34":[107],"breaths":[108],"per":[109],"minute":[110],"(BPM).":[111],"Our":[112],"handle":[115,129],"passive":[116,158],"reduce":[120,135],"by":[123,138],"27.78%.":[124],"Furthermore,":[125],"active":[130],"help":[134],"45.70%":[139],"when":[140],"intentional":[141],"present":[146],"data":[149],"segment.":[150],"It":[151],"be":[153],"big":[155],"stride":[156],"towards":[157],"monitoring":[160],"life":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
