{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2011738503","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/broadnets.2006.4374411","title":"Wavelength Converter Placement for Dynamic Traffic Grooming in Optical Networks","display_name":"Wavelength Converter Placement for Dynamic Traffic Grooming in Optical Networks","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2011738503","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/broadnets.2006.4374411","mag":"2011738503"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/broadnets.2006.4374411","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/broadnets.2006.4374411","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2006 3rd International Conference on Broadband Communications, Networks and Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074327315","display_name":"Chunsheng Xin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5575-2849"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103087548","display_name":"Norfolk State University","ror":"https://ror.org/030pydv62","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103087548"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chunsheng Xin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Norfolk State University, Norfolk, VA, USA","Dept. of Computer Science, Norfolk State University, Norfolk, VA 23504, cxin@nsu.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Norfolk State University, Norfolk, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103087548"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, Norfolk State University, Norfolk, VA 23504, cxin@nsu.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103087548"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074327315"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103087548"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-grooming","display_name":"Traffic grooming","score":0.957140326499939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7213521003723145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelength-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Wavelength-division multiplexing","score":0.6559193134307861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.6230357885360718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5771758556365967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.54024338722229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/granularity","display_name":"Granularity","score":0.48420074582099915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blocking","display_name":"Blocking (statistics)","score":0.46455734968185425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-performance-monitoring","display_name":"Optical performance monitoring","score":0.4620254933834076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3782637417316437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelength","display_name":"Wavelength","score":0.3534497916698456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.11403512954711914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07536625862121582}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162396882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7832502","display_name":"Traffic grooming","level":4,"score":0.957140326499939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7213521003723145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160724564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620670","display_name":"Wavelength-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.6559193134307861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.6230357885360718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5771758556365967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.54024338722229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177774035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1246948","display_name":"Granularity","level":2,"score":0.48420074582099915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144745244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927286","display_name":"Blocking (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.46455734968185425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26840048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098880","display_name":"Optical performance monitoring","level":4,"score":0.4620254933834076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3782637417316437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6260449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364","display_name":"Wavelength","level":2,"score":0.3534497916698456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.11403512954711914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07536625862121582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/broadnets.2006.4374411","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/broadnets.2006.4374411","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2006 3rd International Conference on Broadband Communications, Networks and Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1584820835","https://openalex.org/W1651117873","https://openalex.org/W1733398723","https://openalex.org/W1846780352","https://openalex.org/W1965598707","https://openalex.org/W1975666255","https://openalex.org/W1976107365","https://openalex.org/W1994669182","https://openalex.org/W2037326322","https://openalex.org/W2039202881","https://openalex.org/W2049361131","https://openalex.org/W2051436395","https://openalex.org/W2098618997","https://openalex.org/W2104129530","https://openalex.org/W2104708344","https://openalex.org/W2110156940","https://openalex.org/W2115755077","https://openalex.org/W2117331332","https://openalex.org/W2119287549","https://openalex.org/W2119862569","https://openalex.org/W2130244809","https://openalex.org/W2140871192","https://openalex.org/W2145289628","https://openalex.org/W2145692478","https://openalex.org/W2147093743","https://openalex.org/W2148588848","https://openalex.org/W2151368966","https://openalex.org/W2151979817","https://openalex.org/W2154505017","https://openalex.org/W2156393305","https://openalex.org/W2160995598","https://openalex.org/W2162966081","https://openalex.org/W2169155270","https://openalex.org/W2171559438","https://openalex.org/W2491024510","https://openalex.org/W6634891437","https://openalex.org/W6638936069","https://openalex.org/W6684820944"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967966277","https://openalex.org/W2098313090","https://openalex.org/W2355755270","https://openalex.org/W2061539918","https://openalex.org/W2135408291","https://openalex.org/W2159250429","https://openalex.org/W2026383864","https://openalex.org/W2119147011","https://openalex.org/W1897912135","https://openalex.org/W2537523034"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,14,50,107,119],"huge":[2],"capacity,":[3],"wavelength":[4,28,76],"division":[5],"multiplexing":[6],"(WDM)":[7],"optical":[8,25,31,46,59,84],"networks":[9,26,47],"are":[10,37],"predominantly":[11],"used":[12],"as":[13,118],"transport":[15],"infrastructure":[16],"to":[17,49],"carry":[18],"inter-domain":[19],"traffic":[20,35,55,63,70,81,90,109],"for":[21,79],"client":[22,34,54,62],"networks.":[23,85],"WDM":[24,45],"offer":[27],"granularity":[29],"high-capacity":[30,58],"connections,":[32],"whereas":[33],"flows":[36,56],"usually":[38],"at":[39],"sub-wavelength":[40],"granularity.":[41],"Traffic":[42],"grooming":[43,82],"in":[44,83,122],"refers":[48],"aggregation":[51],"of":[52],"low-rate":[53],"onto":[57],"connections.":[60],"When":[61],"randomly":[64],"arrives/departs,":[65],"it":[66],"is":[67],"called":[68],"dynamic":[69,80],"grooming.":[71],"This":[72],"paper":[73],"focuses":[74],"on":[75],"converter":[77,93],"placement":[78,94],"We":[86],"propose":[87],"an":[88],"adaptive":[89,108],"load":[91,110],"based":[92,111],"heuristic":[95,112],"and":[96,126],"also":[97],"study":[98],"several":[99],"other":[100],"heuristics.":[101],"The":[102],"numerical":[103],"results":[104],"indicate":[105],"that":[106],"can":[113],"obtain":[114],"a":[115],"similar":[116],"performance":[117],"greedy":[120],"heuristics,":[121],"both":[123],"blocking":[124],"probabilities":[125],"throughputs,":[127],"with":[128],"lower":[129],"computation":[130],"complexity.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}