{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388757833","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/brains59668.2023.10316961","title":"Moving Towards Open Radio Access Networks with Blockchain Technologies","display_name":"Moving Towards Open Radio Access Networks with Blockchain Technologies","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388757833","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/brains59668.2023.10316961"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/brains59668.2023.10316961","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/brains59668.2023.10316961","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 5th Conference on Blockchain Research & Applications for Innovative Networks and Services (BRAINS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04174691/document","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084504181","display_name":"Nischal Aryal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6600-8492"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19370010","display_name":"Orange (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/035j0tq82","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19370010"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145102","display_name":"Institut Polytechnique de Paris","ror":"https://ror.org/042tfbd02","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145102"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nischal Aryal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Orange Innovation,Caen,France,14000","IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris (Route de Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau Cedex, France - France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Orange Innovation,Caen,France,14000","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19370010"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris (Route de Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau Cedex, France - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145102"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066289822","display_name":"Fariba Ghaffari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2785-9950"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145102","display_name":"Institut Polytechnique de Paris","ror":"https://ror.org/042tfbd02","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145102"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fariba Ghaffari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Telecom SudParis, Institut Polytechnique de Paris,SAMOVAR,Palaiseau,France,91120"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telecom SudParis, Institut Polytechnique de Paris,SAMOVAR,Palaiseau,France,91120","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145102"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089708177","display_name":"E. Bertin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3602-3664"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19370010","display_name":"Orange (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/035j0tq82","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19370010"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145102","display_name":"Institut Polytechnique de Paris","ror":"https://ror.org/042tfbd02","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145102"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emmanuel Bertin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Orange Innovation,Caen,France,14000","IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris (Route de Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau Cedex, France - France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Orange Innovation,Caen,France,14000","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19370010"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris (Route de Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau Cedex, France - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145102"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107205316","display_name":"No\u00ebl Crespi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2962-192X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145102","display_name":"Institut Polytechnique de Paris","ror":"https://ror.org/042tfbd02","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145102"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noel Crespi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Telecom SudParis, Institut Polytechnique de Paris,SAMOVAR,Palaiseau,France,91120","IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris (Route de Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau Cedex, France - France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telecom SudParis, Institut Polytechnique de Paris,SAMOVAR,Palaiseau,France,91120","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145102"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris (Route de Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau Cedex, France - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145102"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.9288893938064575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6245131492614746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.45071280002593994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3722078800201416}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.9288893938064575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6245131492614746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.45071280002593994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3722078800201416}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/brains59668.2023.10316961","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/brains59668.2023.10316961","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 5th Conference on Blockchain Research & Applications for Innovative Networks and Services (BRAINS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04174691v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04174691","pdf_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04174691/document","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"5th Conference on Blockchain Research & Applications for Innovative Networks and Services ( BRAINS), Oct 2023, Paris, France. ⟨10.1109/BRAINS59668.2023.10316961⟩","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04174691v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04174691","pdf_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04174691/document","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"5th Conference on Blockchain Research & Applications for Innovative Networks and Services ( BRAINS), Oct 2023, Paris, France. ⟨10.1109/BRAINS59668.2023.10316961⟩","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.46000000834465027,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388757833.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1991898587","https://openalex.org/W2623638981","https://openalex.org/W2786376170","https://openalex.org/W2888687026","https://openalex.org/W2907863608","https://openalex.org/W2914396340","https://openalex.org/W2940494670","https://openalex.org/W2956553093","https://openalex.org/W2971029040","https://openalex.org/W3003941117","https://openalex.org/W3007690081","https://openalex.org/W3037103914","https://openalex.org/W3042368254","https://openalex.org/W3081536314","https://openalex.org/W3090306331","https://openalex.org/W3092203679","https://openalex.org/W3092332888","https://openalex.org/W3099043609","https://openalex.org/W3133548791","https://openalex.org/W3134779518","https://openalex.org/W3158484352","https://openalex.org/W3174773560","https://openalex.org/W3177472323","https://openalex.org/W3177820849","https://openalex.org/W3188648924","https://openalex.org/W3205485089","https://openalex.org/W3214243503","https://openalex.org/W3214889337","https://openalex.org/W3217596786","https://openalex.org/W4200498924","https://openalex.org/W4205222287","https://openalex.org/W4210482483","https://openalex.org/W4220768932","https://openalex.org/W4220993330","https://openalex.org/W4221148057","https://openalex.org/W4225769966","https://openalex.org/W4226135608","https://openalex.org/W4226338917","https://openalex.org/W4229073311","https://openalex.org/W4283214234","https://openalex.org/W4283730668","https://openalex.org/W4283822379","https://openalex.org/W4284896776","https://openalex.org/W4285813864","https://openalex.org/W4287887122","https://openalex.org/W4289821432","https://openalex.org/W4293477869","https://openalex.org/W4293733494","https://openalex.org/W4309294030","https://openalex.org/W4313067193","https://openalex.org/W4315780284","https://openalex.org/W4317796310","https://openalex.org/W4328053442","https://openalex.org/W4353046697","https://openalex.org/W4366504362","https://openalex.org/W4394659222","https://openalex.org/W6746823094","https://openalex.org/W6748536023","https://openalex.org/W6778307651","https://openalex.org/W6794732147","https://openalex.org/W6797759643","https://openalex.org/W6798244636","https://openalex.org/W6809932472","https://openalex.org/W6864427273"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W3048554917","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Open":[1],"Radio":[2],"Access":[3],"Network":[4],"(O-RAN)":[5],"introduces":[6],"openness":[7],"and":[8,60,67,77,95,113,138,141,146],"intelligence":[9,35],"into":[10],"the":[11,31,131,164,169],"existing,":[12],"tightly-coupled":[13],"RAN":[14,32],"ecosystem.":[15,126],"Openness":[16],"promotes":[17],"collaboration":[18],"among":[19,90,144],"various":[20],"vendors":[21,145],"to":[22,71,133,178],"provide":[23],"diverse":[24],"components":[25],"(hardware,":[26],"software,":[27],"or":[28],"both)":[29],"for":[30,157],"ecosystem,":[33],"while":[34],"handles":[36],"complex":[37,97],"network":[38,98,147],"activities":[39],"using":[40],"Artificial":[41],"Intelligence":[42],"(AI).":[43],"Although":[44],"O-RAN":[45,125,160,176],"design":[46],"addresses":[47],"many":[48],"issues":[49],"in":[50,122,175],"traditional":[51],"RANs,":[52],"such":[53,103],"as":[54,104,119],"vendor":[55],"lock-in,":[56],"lack":[57],"of":[58,87,171],"flexibility,":[59],"limited":[61],"innovation,":[62],"it":[63],"raises":[64],"several":[65],"management":[66],"security":[68],"concerns":[69],"related":[70],"collaboration,":[72],"access":[73],"management,":[74],"privacy,":[75],"trust,":[76],"availability.":[78],"Distributed":[79],"Ledger":[80],"Technologies":[81],"(DLTs)":[82],"offer":[83],"a":[84,123,155],"viable":[85],"method":[86],"establishing":[88],"trust":[89],"entities,":[91],"managing":[92],"resources":[93],"efficiently,":[94],"automating":[96],"tasks.":[99],"Several":[100],"DLT":[101],"properties,":[102],"distributed":[105],"architecture,":[106],"high":[107],"automation":[108],"through":[109],"smart":[110],"contracts,":[111],"immutability,":[112],"transparency,":[114],"could":[115],"position":[116],"DLT-based":[117,173],"ideas":[118],"game":[120],"changers":[121],"multi-vendor":[124],"Furthermore,":[127],"this":[128,150],"technology":[129],"has":[130],"potential":[132],"introduce":[134],"new":[135],"business":[136],"models":[137],"establish":[139],"secure":[140],"trusted":[142],"micro-payments":[143],"participants.":[148],"In":[149],"paper,":[151],"we":[152,166],"first":[153],"present":[154],"taxonomy":[156],"discussing":[158],"existing":[159],"challenges.":[161,181],"Based":[162],"on":[163],"taxonomy,":[165],"then":[167],"examine":[168],"possibility":[170],"incorporating":[172],"solutions":[174],"architecture":[177],"address":[179],"these":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}