{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3208102209","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/brains52497.2021.9569795","title":"DeFi-ning DeFi: Challenges & Pathway","display_name":"DeFi-ning DeFi: Challenges & Pathway","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3208102209","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/brains52497.2021.9569795","mag":"3208102209"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/brains52497.2021.9569795","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/brains52497.2021.9569795","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 3rd Conference on Blockchain Research & Applications for Innovative Networks and Services (BRAINS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057352690","display_name":"Hendrik Amler","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149877","display_name":"Escrypt (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/048rjxx46","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149877"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hendrik Amler","raw_affiliation_strings":["PolyCrypt, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PolyCrypt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047746471","display_name":"Lisa Eckey","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210093367","display_name":"Deutsche Telekom (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/00m8prc86","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093367"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lisa Eckey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deutsche Telekom Security, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deutsche Telekom Security, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210093367"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066436044","display_name":"Sebastian Faust","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8625-4639"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technical University of Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian Faust","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair of Applied Cryptography, TU Darmstadt, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of Applied Cryptography, TU Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085101475","display_name":"Marcel Kaiser","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71675930","display_name":"Frankfurt School of Finance & Management","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxyna29","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71675930"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcel Kaiser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Frankfurt School Blockchain Center Frankfurt School of Finance and Management, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Frankfurt School Blockchain Center Frankfurt School of Finance and Management, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71675930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004371509","display_name":"Philipp Sandner","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71675930","display_name":"Frankfurt School of Finance & Management","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxyna29","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71675930"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philipp Sandner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Frankfurt School Blockchain Center Frankfurt School of Finance and Management, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Frankfurt School Blockchain Center Frankfurt School of Finance and Management, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71675930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061604009","display_name":"Benjamin Schlosser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2798-7920"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31512782","display_name":"Technical University of Darmstadt","ror":"https://ror.org/05n911h24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin Schlosser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair of Applied Cryptography, TU Darmstadt, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of Applied Cryptography, TU Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31512782"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057352690"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149877"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.5216,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":61,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98644969,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"181","last_page":"184"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11995","display_name":"FinTech, Crowdfunding, Digital Finance","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11437","display_name":"Digital Platforms and Economics","score":0.9726999998092651,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptocurrency","display_name":"Cryptocurrency","score":0.9176822304725647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-services","display_name":"Financial services","score":0.6155481338500977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.4850691854953766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4778713285923004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.2834948003292084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2830163836479187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.26487836241722107}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180706569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13479982","display_name":"Cryptocurrency","level":2,"score":0.9176822304725647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139043278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837171","display_name":"Financial services","level":2,"score":0.6155481338500977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4850691854953766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4778713285923004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2834948003292084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2830163836479187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.26487836241722107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/brains52497.2021.9569795","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/brains52497.2021.9569795","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 3rd Conference on Blockchain Research & Applications for Innovative Networks and Services (BRAINS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6100000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2764198340","https://openalex.org/W2810807736","https://openalex.org/W2896013446","https://openalex.org/W2965436736","https://openalex.org/W2969761265","https://openalex.org/W2987069389","https://openalex.org/W3009501047","https://openalex.org/W3016124762","https://openalex.org/W3023104584","https://openalex.org/W3045348795","https://openalex.org/W3083460403","https://openalex.org/W3114396687","https://openalex.org/W3120171940","https://openalex.org/W3173143158","https://openalex.org/W3210065173","https://openalex.org/W3211314335","https://openalex.org/W4287332858","https://openalex.org/W4288079492","https://openalex.org/W6763100769","https://openalex.org/W6774605174","https://openalex.org/W6777408798","https://openalex.org/W6788962858"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4366411693","https://openalex.org/W3211641817","https://openalex.org/W3164717803","https://openalex.org/W4389915954","https://openalex.org/W3123387860","https://openalex.org/W4291291739","https://openalex.org/W2915579847"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,18],"decentralized":[1,43,58],"and":[2,7,82,106,124],"trustless":[3],"nature":[4],"of":[5,64,79],"cryptocurrencies":[6,28],"blockchain":[8],"technology":[9],"leads":[10],"to":[11,20,33,48,71],"a":[12,57,130],"shift":[13],"in":[14,90,139],"the":[15,62,77,102,114,122,134,140],"digital":[16],"world.":[17],"possibility":[19],"execute":[21],"small":[22],"programs,":[23],"called":[24],"smart":[25],"contracts,":[26],"on":[27,56,132],"like":[29],"Ethereum":[30],"opened":[31],"doors":[32],"countless":[34,95],"new":[35],"applications.":[36],"One":[37],"particular":[38],"exciting":[39],"use":[40],"case":[41],"is":[42,88],"finance":[44],"(DeFi),":[45],"which":[46],"aims":[47],"revolutionize":[49],"traditional":[50,72],"financial":[51],"services":[52],"by":[53,66],"founding":[54],"them":[55],"infrastructure.":[59],"We":[60,100],"show":[61],"potential":[63],"DeFi":[65,80,87,117,135],"analyzing":[67,121],"its":[68,91],"advantages":[69],"compared":[70],"finance.":[73],"Additionally,":[74],"we":[75,112,128],"survey":[76],"state-of-the-art":[78,123],"products":[81],"categorize":[83],"existing":[84],"services.":[85],"Since":[86],"still":[89],"infancy,":[92],"there":[93],"are":[94],"hurdles":[96],"for":[97],"mass":[98],"adoption.":[99],"discuss":[101],"most":[103],"prominent":[104],"challenges":[105],"point":[107],"out":[108],"possible":[109],"solutions.":[110],"Finally,":[111],"analyze":[113],"economics":[115],"behind":[116],"products.":[118],"By":[119],"carefully":[120],"discussing":[125],"current":[126],"challenges,":[127],"give":[129],"perspective":[131],"how":[133],"space":[136],"might":[137],"develop":[138],"near":[141],"future.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T08:26:57.006410","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}