{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3203377386","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bmsb53066.2021.9547163","title":"Smart Cities Mobility Monitoring through Automatic License Plate Recognition and Vehicle Discrimination","display_name":"Smart Cities Mobility Monitoring through Automatic License Plate Recognition and Vehicle Discrimination","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3203377386","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bmsb53066.2021.9547163","mag":"3203377386"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bmsb53066.2021.9547163","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bmsb53066.2021.9547163","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting (BMSB)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008509140","display_name":"Michele Spanu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","display_name":"University of Cagliari","ror":"https://ror.org/003109y17","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M. Spanu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering - DIEE/UdR CNIT, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering - DIEE/UdR CNIT, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020997649","display_name":"Marco Bertolusso","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","display_name":"University of Cagliari","ror":"https://ror.org/003109y17","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Bertolusso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering - DIEE/UdR CNIT, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering - DIEE/UdR CNIT, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003145165","display_name":"G\u00fclnaziye Bing\u00f6l","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8959-112X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","display_name":"University of Cagliari","ror":"https://ror.org/003109y17","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Bingol","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering - DIEE/UdR CNIT, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering - DIEE/UdR CNIT, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034282456","display_name":"Luigi Serreli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8793-9015"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","display_name":"University of Cagliari","ror":"https://ror.org/003109y17","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Serreli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering - DIEE/UdR CNIT, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering - DIEE/UdR CNIT, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035535434","display_name":"Christian Giovanni Castangia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9033-9216"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","display_name":"University of Cagliari","ror":"https://ror.org/003109y17","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C.G. Castangia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering - DIEE/UdR CNIT, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering - DIEE/UdR CNIT, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018254437","display_name":"Matteo Anedda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1910-9551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","display_name":"University of Cagliari","ror":"https://ror.org/003109y17","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Anedda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering - DIEE/UdR CNIT, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering - DIEE/UdR CNIT, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066160605","display_name":"Mauro Fadda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0615-6546"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159650629","display_name":"University of Sassari","ror":"https://ror.org/01bnjbv91","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159650629"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Fadda","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159650629"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033116635","display_name":"Marcello Farina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4209-9152"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","display_name":"University of Cagliari","ror":"https://ror.org/003109y17","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Farina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering - DIEE/UdR CNIT, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering - DIEE/UdR CNIT, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062776054","display_name":"Daniele Giusto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6450-4609"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","display_name":"University of Cagliari","ror":"https://ror.org/003109y17","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D.D. Giusto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering - DIEE/UdR CNIT, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering - DIEE/UdR CNIT, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008509140"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0106,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79521292,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/license","display_name":"License","score":0.876696765422821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6765042543411255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6481961011886597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5430497527122498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.43756765127182007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4336682856082916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.42217403650283813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3436354994773865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18522462248802185}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780560020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79719","display_name":"License","level":2,"score":0.876696765422821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6765042543411255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6481961011886597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5430497527122498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.43756765127182007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4336682856082916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.42217403650283813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3436354994773865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18522462248802185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bmsb53066.2021.9547163","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bmsb53066.2021.9547163","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting (BMSB)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unica.it:11584/319627","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11584/319627","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196293","display_name":"UNICA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (University of Cagliari)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","host_organization_name":"University of Cagliari","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5299999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2126376631","https://openalex.org/W2135449683","https://openalex.org/W2320385793","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2788907956","https://openalex.org/W2891308959","https://openalex.org/W2898959555","https://openalex.org/W2901312569","https://openalex.org/W2922522135","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2991415804","https://openalex.org/W3101186801","https://openalex.org/W3108988472","https://openalex.org/W3168997536","https://openalex.org/W3203825490","https://openalex.org/W4200412139","https://openalex.org/W4205445494","https://openalex.org/W4248947353","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6745675777","https://openalex.org/W6754699850","https://openalex.org/W6787025619"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2606446052","https://openalex.org/W2036021480","https://openalex.org/W3195777957","https://openalex.org/W2382668227","https://openalex.org/W2348482143","https://openalex.org/W2024584030","https://openalex.org/W3104168426","https://openalex.org/W1603675680","https://openalex.org/W1983668675","https://openalex.org/W4312856422"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"work":[1],"deals":[2],"with":[3,59,92],"vehicular":[4],"monitoring":[5,99],"within":[6,131],"smart":[7],"cities":[8],"through":[9],"Automatic":[10],"License":[11],"Plate":[12],"Recognition":[13],"(ALPR)":[14],"techniques":[15,35],"and":[16,89,100,119],"vehicle":[17,46,82,130],"discrimination":[18],"object":[19],"detection":[20],"(YOLO),":[21],"in":[22,57,114],"order":[23],"to":[24,37,80],"obtain":[25,38,81],"timely":[26],"statistical":[27],"data.":[28],"The":[29,70,107],"combined":[30],"use":[31,71],"of":[32,55,66,72,96,102,117,123,128,134],"the":[33,49,60,64,93,103,115,126,132],"two":[34],"allows":[36],"much":[39],"more":[40],"refined":[41],"data":[42,51,68],"than":[43],"a":[44,53,98,111,120],"simple":[45],"counter.":[47],"Moreover,":[48],"collected":[50],"undergoes":[52],"process":[54],"anonymization":[56],"accordance":[58],"European":[61],"regulations":[62],"for":[63],"protection":[65],"personal":[67],"(GDPR).":[69],"convolutional":[73],"neural":[74],"networks":[75],"(CNN)":[76],"made":[77],"it":[78],"possible":[79],"tracking":[83],"statistics,":[84],"returning":[85],"daily,":[86],"weekly,":[87],"monthly":[88],"yearly":[90],"habits":[91],"ultimate":[94],"goal":[95],"allowing":[97],"control":[101],"city":[104],"traffic":[105],"conditions.":[106],"results":[108],"obtained":[109],"showed":[110],"high":[112],"accuracy":[113],"classification":[116],"vehicles":[118],"wide":[121],"range":[122],"statistics":[124],"concerning":[125],"occurrences":[127],"each":[129],"area":[133],"interest.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-06T07:47:59.780226","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
