{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3136990667","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bmsb49480.2020.9379587","title":"Indoor Object Localization and Tracking Using Deep Learning over Received Signal Strength","display_name":"Indoor Object Localization and Tracking Using Deep Learning over Received Signal Strength","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3136990667","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bmsb49480.2020.9379587","mag":"3136990667"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bmsb49480.2020.9379587","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bmsb49480.2020.9379587","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE International Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting (BMSB)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://repository.lsu.edu/eecs_pubs/2025","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100607499","display_name":"Guannan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4312-9018"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121820613","display_name":"Louisiana State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ect4e57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guannan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040614086","display_name":"Hsiao\u2010Chun Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0178-1246"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121820613","display_name":"Louisiana State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ect4e57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hsiao-Chun Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080779901","display_name":"Weidong Xiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6010-538X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130704","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Dearborn","ror":"https://ror.org/035wtm547","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weidong Xiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Dearborn, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Dearborn, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070020700","display_name":"Jinwei Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7780-7943"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121820613","display_name":"Louisiana State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ect4e57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinwei Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084103888","display_name":"Yiyan Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8890-5389"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151552","display_name":"Communications Research Centre Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/05dybt340","country_code":"CA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151552"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiyan Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Communications Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Communications Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151552"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108268424","display_name":"Limeng Pu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1744-9325"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121820613","display_name":"Louisiana State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ect4e57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Limeng Pu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Computation and Technology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Computation and Technology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100607499"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3082,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58955553,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.78697669506073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6735801100730896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6595996022224426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/received-signal-strength-indication","display_name":"Received signal strength indication","score":0.5425702929496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.5132815837860107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-strength","display_name":"Signal strength","score":0.507342517375946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4942662715911865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4872385561466217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perceptron","display_name":"Perceptron","score":0.47998496890068054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilayer-perceptron","display_name":"Multilayer perceptron","score":0.47486400604248047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4681176543235779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.46196219325065613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.4316031336784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.4196268320083618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4113214612007141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3893621861934662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.3023132383823395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.18640047311782837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10273087024688721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09334662556648254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.08975178003311157}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.78697669506073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6735801100730896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6595996022224426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778913798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1195672","display_name":"Received signal strength indication","level":3,"score":0.5425702929496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5132815837860107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176808163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105794","display_name":"Signal strength","level":3,"score":0.507342517375946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4942662715911865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4872385561466217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60908668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690207","display_name":"Perceptron","level":3,"score":0.47998496890068054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179717631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2991667","display_name":"Multilayer perceptron","level":3,"score":0.47486400604248047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4681176543235779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.46196219325065613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.4316031336784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.4196268320083618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4113214612007141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3893621861934662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.3023132383823395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.18640047311782837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10273087024688721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09334662556648254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.08975178003311157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bmsb49480.2020.9379587","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bmsb49480.2020.9379587","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE International Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting (BMSB)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.lsu.edu:eecs_pubs-3027","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.lsu.edu/eecs_pubs/2025","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169993","display_name":"Civil War Book Review","issn_l":"1528-6592","issn":["1528-6592"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315936","host_organization_name":"Louisiana State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315936"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Louisiana State University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty Publications","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.lsu.edu:eecs_pubs-3027","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.lsu.edu/eecs_pubs/2025","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169993","display_name":"Civil War Book Review","issn_l":"1528-6592","issn":["1528-6592"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315936","host_organization_name":"Louisiana State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315936"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Louisiana State University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty Publications","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1663973292","https://openalex.org/W2009086942","https://openalex.org/W2103038618","https://openalex.org/W2114254062","https://openalex.org/W2135394914","https://openalex.org/W2155653793","https://openalex.org/W2156387975","https://openalex.org/W2158698691","https://openalex.org/W2170102584","https://openalex.org/W2518633978","https://openalex.org/W2753866421","https://openalex.org/W2797463641","https://openalex.org/W2887238168","https://openalex.org/W2892359699","https://openalex.org/W2922174720","https://openalex.org/W2963780286","https://openalex.org/W2964029185","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2972355358","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6682889407","https://openalex.org/W6754756046"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2076543106","https://openalex.org/W2551177135","https://openalex.org/W2523437662","https://openalex.org/W89844371","https://openalex.org/W2019891950","https://openalex.org/W2612405521","https://openalex.org/W2151430090","https://openalex.org/W2085842814","https://openalex.org/W2803794770","https://openalex.org/W4286643620"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,47],"paper":[1],"introduces":[2],"a":[3,8,34,113,137,153],"new":[4,145],"indoor-localization":[5,146],"approach":[6,48],"using":[7],"deep-learning":[9,92],"network":[10],"for":[11,44,136],"which":[12,30,159],"the":[13,21,28,41,69,72,79,87,107,123,127],"received":[14],"signal-strength":[15],"indicator":[16],"(RSSI)":[17],"is":[18,49,54,65,160],"adopted":[19,39],"as":[20,40,165],"radiofrequency":[22],"fingerprint.":[23],"In":[24],"our":[25],"proposed":[26,144],"scheme,":[27],"RSSIs":[29],"are":[31,38],"estimated":[32],"by":[33],"channel-propagation":[35],"emulator":[36],"software,":[37],"input":[42],"features":[43],"deep":[45],"learning.":[46],"measurement-free":[50],"and":[51,57],"thus":[52],"it":[53],"very":[55],"cost-effective":[56],"convenient":[58],"to":[59,67,98,105,134],"users.":[60],"A":[61],"multilayer":[62],"perceptron":[63],"(MLP)":[64],"constructed":[66],"predict":[68],"location(s)":[70],"of":[71,78,82,110],"mobile":[73],"object(s).":[74],"The":[75],"time":[76],"evolution":[77],"predicted":[80,88],"locations":[81],"an":[83],"object":[84],"will":[85],"form":[86],"trajectory":[89],"thereby.":[90],"Because":[91],"networks":[93],"require":[94],"tremendous":[95],"training":[96],"data":[97],"achieve":[99],"good":[100],"prediction":[101],"accuracy,":[102],"we":[103],"propose":[104],"partition":[106],"indoor":[108],"geometry":[109],"interest":[111],"(ex.,":[112],"room)":[114],"into":[115,140],"several":[116],"zones.":[117,142],"Preliminary":[118],"simulation":[119],"results":[120],"demonstrate":[121],"that":[122],"AUC":[124],"(area":[125],"under":[126],"receiver-operating":[128],"characteristic":[129],"curve)":[130],"can":[131,151],"reach":[132],"up":[133],"0.89":[135],"room":[138],"partitioned":[139],"eight":[141],"Our":[143],"scheme":[147],"in":[148],"this":[149],"work":[150],"be":[152],"rare":[154],"but":[155],"promising":[156],"localization":[157,169],"technology,":[158],"neither":[161],"passive":[162],"nor":[163],"active":[164],"other":[166],"existing":[167],"prevalent":[168],"methods.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-01-13T01:12:25.745995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
