{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3139060069","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bmsb49480.2020.9379402","title":"Assessment of White Spaces Quality in Rural Areas: a large-scale spectrum survey","display_name":"Assessment of White Spaces Quality in Rural Areas: a large-scale spectrum survey","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3139060069","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bmsb49480.2020.9379402","mag":"3139060069"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bmsb49480.2020.9379402","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bmsb49480.2020.9379402","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE International Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting (BMSB)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8733571/file/8733573.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018946386","display_name":"Rodney Mart\u00ednez Alonso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2529-5944"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rodney Martinez Alonso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Technologies, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technologies, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039768338","display_name":"Arley Coto Guerra","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arley Coto Guerra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research and Development LACETEL, Havana, Cuba"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Development LACETEL, Havana, Cuba","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043727125","display_name":"Ernesto Fontes Pupo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1715-6015"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ernesto Fontes Pupo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research and Development LACETEL, Havana, Cuba"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Development LACETEL, Havana, Cuba","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021128973","display_name":"David Plets","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8879-5076"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Plets","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Technologies, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technologies, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030178706","display_name":"Glauco Guill\u00e9n Nieto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0853-503X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Glauco Guillen Nieto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research and Development LACETEL, Havana, Cuba"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Development LACETEL, Havana, Cuba","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024310053","display_name":"Luc Martens","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9948-9157"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luc Martens","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Technologies, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technologies, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018341759","display_name":"Wout Joseph","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8807-0673"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","display_name":"Ghent University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cv9y106","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wout Joseph","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Technologies, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technologies, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018946386"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9545,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82718558,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13905","display_name":"Telecommunications and Broadcasting Technologies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13905","display_name":"Telecommunications and Broadcasting Technologies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11873","display_name":"PAPR reduction in OFDM","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-spaces","display_name":"White spaces","score":0.9571945667266846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.7751100063323975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-broadband","display_name":"Wireless broadband","score":0.6789429783821106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.6155883073806763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.6133584380149841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5800131559371948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5391194820404053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-spectrum","display_name":"Radio spectrum","score":0.5183488130569458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.4963436722755432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.4802968204021454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-area","display_name":"Rural area","score":0.4584992825984955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-paper","display_name":"White paper","score":0.43652352690696716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.4360584020614624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.43429869413375854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broadband","display_name":"Broadband","score":0.42596665024757385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrum-management","display_name":"Spectrum management","score":0.42235106229782104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.33263489603996277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.31319162249565125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.30544599890708923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.29812687635421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.08908471465110779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.08813273906707764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.0742163360118866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.07287749648094177}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96391052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q256313","display_name":"White spaces","level":4,"score":0.9571945667266846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.7751100063323975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85608190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922050","display_name":"Wireless broadband","level":4,"score":0.6789429783821106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.6155883073806763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.6133584380149841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5800131559371948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5391194820404053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92545706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902174","display_name":"Radio spectrum","level":2,"score":0.5183488130569458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.4963436722755432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.4802968204021454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129047720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175185","display_name":"Rural area","level":2,"score":0.4584992825984955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778605646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223729","display_name":"White paper","level":2,"score":0.43652352690696716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.4360584020614624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.43429869413375854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509933004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194163","display_name":"Broadband","level":2,"score":0.42596665024757385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63029442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6504978","display_name":"Spectrum management","level":4,"score":0.42235106229782104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.33263489603996277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.31319162249565125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.30544599890708923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.29812687635421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.08908471465110779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.08813273906707764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0742163360118866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.07287749648094177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bmsb49480.2020.9379402","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bmsb49480.2020.9379402","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE International Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting (BMSB)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:archive.ugent.be:8733571","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8733571","pdf_url":"https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8733571/file/8733573.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400478","display_name":"Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","host_organization_name":"Ghent University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISBN: 9781728157849","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:archive.ugent.be:8733571","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8733571","pdf_url":"https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8733571/file/8733573.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400478","display_name":"Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32597200","host_organization_name":"Ghent University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32597200"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISBN: 9781728157849","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6100000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3139060069.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3139060069.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1511528819","https://openalex.org/W1989881065","https://openalex.org/W2053850706","https://openalex.org/W2094755917","https://openalex.org/W2126259959","https://openalex.org/W2161832128","https://openalex.org/W2169732368","https://openalex.org/W2296131367","https://openalex.org/W2510811245","https://openalex.org/W2782413938","https://openalex.org/W2847095604","https://openalex.org/W3023182176","https://openalex.org/W3099164702","https://openalex.org/W4232179807"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2756384182","https://openalex.org/W1895183601","https://openalex.org/W1490150884","https://openalex.org/W2742904118","https://openalex.org/W2034515435","https://openalex.org/W2397341284","https://openalex.org/W2767968277","https://openalex.org/W2532254729","https://openalex.org/W2108352382","https://openalex.org/W1512854471"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spectrum":[0],"is":[1,19,43,66,131],"a":[2,27,44,74,95,153],"valuable":[3],"resource":[4],"for":[5,38,47,68,116,152],"broadcasting":[6],"and":[7,99,112],"wireless":[8,71],"communications.":[9],"Despite":[10],"the":[11,16,50,63,86,109,129,135,146],"fact":[12],"that":[13],"most":[14],"of":[15,77,128,145],"sub-l-GHz":[17],"spectrum":[18,21,51,65,130],"granted,":[20],"surveys":[22],"in":[23,55,102,132,134,140],"suburban":[24],"areas":[25],"reveal":[26],"poor":[28],"usage":[29],"efficiency":[30],"(less":[31],"than":[32,126],"20%":[33],"on":[34,123],"average).":[35],"Cognitive":[36],"Radio":[37],"5G":[39],"next":[40],"generation":[41],"radio":[42],"potential":[45,115],"technology":[46],"dynamically":[48],"exploit":[49],"white":[52,110,147],"spaces,":[53],"particularly":[54],"low":[56],"populated":[57],"rural":[58,104,137],"areas.":[59,105,138],"However,":[60,139],"not":[61],"all":[62],"empty":[64],"useful":[67],"providing":[69],"broadband":[70],"connectivity":[72],"guaranteeing":[73],"certain":[75],"Quality":[76],"Service":[78],"(QoS)":[79],"or":[80],"without":[81],"causing":[82],"harmful":[83],"interference":[84],"to":[85],"primary":[87],"licensed":[88],"services.":[89,118],"In":[90],"this":[91],"paper":[92],"we":[93],"perform":[94],"large":[96],"scale-spectrum":[97],"survey":[98],"measurement":[100],"campaign":[101],"two":[103],"We":[106],"also":[107],"quantity":[108],"spaces":[111,148],"its":[113],"real":[114],"secondary":[117],"Our":[119],"research":[120],"reveals":[121],"that,":[122],"average,":[124],"less":[125],"11%":[127],"use":[133],"surveyed":[136],"one":[141],"area":[142],"only":[143],"60%":[144],"can":[149],"be":[150],"used":[151],"commercial":[154],"service.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2021-03-29T00:00:00"}