{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2035825341","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bmei.2011.6098466","title":"Watermarking biomedical signal for authentication using integer wavelet transform","display_name":"Watermarking biomedical signal for authentication using integer wavelet transform","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2035825341","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bmei.2011.6098466","mag":"2035825341"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bmei.2011.6098466","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bmei.2011.6098466","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 4th International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Informatics (BMEI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073018001","display_name":"Omar Farooq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4648-2733"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171210897","display_name":"Aligarh Muslim University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kw9gc02","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I171210897"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Omar Farooq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics Engineering, A. M. U., Aligarh, India","Department of Electronics Engineering, AMU Aligarh, 202 002 India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics Engineering, A. M. U., Aligarh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171210897"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics Engineering, AMU Aligarh, 202 002 India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171210897"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112266031","display_name":"A. L. Vyas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68891433","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/049tgcd06","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anoop Lal Vyas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instrument Design Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India","Instrument Design Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi - 110 016, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instrument Design Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instrument Design Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi - 110 016, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68891433"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103424522","display_name":"Sekharjit Datta","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","display_name":"Loughborough University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vg4w365","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sekharjit Datta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK","Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109941879","display_name":"David Mulvaney","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","display_name":"Loughborough University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vg4w365","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Mulvaney","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK","Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073018001"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171210897"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2576,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56822347,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"892","last_page":"896"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10901","display_name":"Advanced Data Compression Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-watermarking","display_name":"Digital watermarking","score":0.9423182010650635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/watermark","display_name":"Watermark","score":0.914638876914978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6833633184432983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.5652176737785339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet","display_name":"Wavelet","score":0.5312792062759399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integer","display_name":"Integer (computer science)","score":0.5184004306793213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.49192142486572266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet-transform","display_name":"Wavelet transform","score":0.4773190915584564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4767231047153473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-wavelet-transform","display_name":"Discrete wavelet transform","score":0.4660927355289459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.44839608669281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.4127298593521118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3487454056739807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.34863409399986267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16486909985542297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.15155714750289917}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.9423182010650635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164112704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7974348","display_name":"Watermark","level":3,"score":0.914638876914978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6833633184432983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.5652176737785339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47432892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831390","display_name":"Wavelet","level":2,"score":0.5312792062759399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q729138","display_name":"Integer (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5184004306793213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.49192142486572266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196216189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2867","display_name":"Wavelet transform","level":3,"score":0.4773190915584564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4767231047153473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46286280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414958","display_name":"Discrete wavelet transform","level":4,"score":0.4660927355289459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.44839608669281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4127298593521118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3487454056739807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.34863409399986267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16486909985542297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.15155714750289917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bmei.2011.6098466","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bmei.2011.6098466","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 4th International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Informatics (BMEI)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320270","display_name":"UK-India Education and Research Initiative","ror":"https://ror.org/037dz3r63"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1525149753","https://openalex.org/W1575374501","https://openalex.org/W1941626990","https://openalex.org/W2015370045","https://openalex.org/W2070881099","https://openalex.org/W2095860212","https://openalex.org/W2097945306","https://openalex.org/W2106069707","https://openalex.org/W2106922378","https://openalex.org/W2126270135","https://openalex.org/W2128444027","https://openalex.org/W2132984323","https://openalex.org/W2134069026","https://openalex.org/W2138351309","https://openalex.org/W2151941693","https://openalex.org/W2538893886","https://openalex.org/W4251101141","https://openalex.org/W6631575813","https://openalex.org/W6634277256","https://openalex.org/W6640459017","https://openalex.org/W6679445690","https://openalex.org/W6680419637"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2137394636","https://openalex.org/W2358993821","https://openalex.org/W1559740347","https://openalex.org/W1516446231","https://openalex.org/W2098152888","https://openalex.org/W1577661458","https://openalex.org/W2040356834","https://openalex.org/W2385289568","https://openalex.org/W2381486749","https://openalex.org/W1669086842"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,36,82],"security":[1,25],"and":[2],"authenticity":[3],"of":[4,8,11,19,26,76,99],"biomedical":[5,27],"data":[6],"are":[7],"the":[9,17,24,48,60,65,74,97],"subjects":[10],"legal":[12],"requirements.":[13],"This":[14],"paper":[15],"proposes":[16],"use":[18],"digital":[20],"watermarking":[21],"to":[22,89,95],"improve":[23],"signals":[28],"transmitted":[29],"over":[30],"a":[31,40,68],"wired":[32],"or":[33],"wireless":[34],"network.":[35],"proposed":[37],"scheme":[38],"embeds":[39],"watermark":[41,61,78,84],"sequence":[42],"generated":[43],"for":[44,53],"each":[45],"patient":[46],"using":[47],"integer":[49],"wavelet":[50],"transform.":[51],"Since":[52],"clinical":[54],"analysis":[55],"it":[56],"is":[57,79,85],"desirable":[58],"that":[59,70],"should":[62],"not":[63,87],"distort":[64],"signal":[66],"in":[67],"way":[69],"can":[71],"be":[72,90],"perceived,":[73],"strength":[75],"embedded":[77,83],"kept":[80],"low.":[81],"shown":[86],"only":[88],"robust":[91],"but":[92],"has":[93],"also":[94],"have":[96],"capability":[98],"blind":[100],"tamper":[101],"detection.":[102]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}