{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2125276534","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bmei.2009.5305315","title":"Subretinal Microelectrode Arrays Allow Blind Retinitis Pigmentosa Patients to Recognize Letters and Combine them to Words","display_name":"Subretinal Microelectrode Arrays Allow Blind Retinitis Pigmentosa Patients to Recognize Letters and Combine them to Words","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2125276534","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bmei.2009.5305315","mag":"2125276534"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bmei.2009.5305315","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bmei.2009.5305315","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 2nd International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Informatics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037669782","display_name":"Eberhart Zrenner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2846-9663"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8087733","display_name":"University of T\u00fcbingen","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1kwz48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"E. Zrenner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre of Ophthalmology, University of Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany","Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tuebingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre of Ophthalmology, University of Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tuebingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111368000","display_name":"Robert Wilke","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8087733","display_name":"University of T\u00fcbingen","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1kwz48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Wilke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre of Ophthalmology, University of Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany","Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tuebingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre of Ophthalmology, University of Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tuebingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008582328","display_name":"Karl Ulrich Bartz\u2010Schmidt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8031-7478"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8087733","display_name":"University of T\u00fcbingen","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1kwz48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. U. Bartz-Schmidt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre of Ophthalmology, University of Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany","Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tuebingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre of Ophthalmology, University of Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tuebingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038379742","display_name":"Florian Gekeler","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8087733","display_name":"University of T\u00fcbingen","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1kwz48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Gekeler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre of Ophthalmology, University of Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany","Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tuebingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre of Ophthalmology, University of Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tuebingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045942935","display_name":"Dorothea Besch","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8087733","display_name":"University of T\u00fcbingen","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1kwz48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Besch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre of Ophthalmology, University of Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany","Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tuebingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre of Ophthalmology, University of Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tuebingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021070195","display_name":"Heval Benav","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0609-6667"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8087733","display_name":"University of T\u00fcbingen","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1kwz48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Benav","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre of Ophthalmology, University of Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany","Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tuebingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre of Ophthalmology, University of Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tuebingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108339838","display_name":"A. Bruckmann","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8087733","display_name":"University of T\u00fcbingen","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1kwz48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Bruckmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre of Ophthalmology, University of Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany","Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tuebingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre of Ophthalmology, University of Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tuebingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049193546","display_name":"K. Porubsk\u00e1","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8087733","display_name":"University of T\u00fcbingen","ror":"https://ror.org/03a1kwz48","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Porubska","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre of Ophthalmology, University of Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany","Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tuebingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre of Ophthalmology, University of Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tuebingen, T\u00fcbingen, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086444760","display_name":"\u00c1kos Kusnyerik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9333-8104"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I101202996","display_name":"Semmelweis University","ror":"https://ror.org/01g9ty582","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I101202996"]}],"countries":["HU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Kusnyerik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Klinikum Friedrichstadt, Augenklinik, Dresden, Germany","Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Klinikum Friedrichstadt, Augenklinik, Dresden, Germany","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I101202996"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109947813","display_name":"H. Sachs","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Sachs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Retina Implant AG, Reutlingen, Germany","Augenklinik, Klinikum Friedrichstadt, Dresden, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Retina Implant AG, Reutlingen, Germany","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Augenklinik, Klinikum Friedrichstadt, Dresden, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103053613","display_name":"Tobias Peters","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9187-4904"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Peters","raw_affiliation_strings":["Retina Implant AG, Reutlingen, Germany","STC Autonomous Nervous Syst. & Safety Studies, Ofterdingen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Retina Implant AG, Reutlingen, Germany","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"STC Autonomous Nervous Syst. & Safety Studies, Ofterdingen, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043310900","display_name":"Barbara Wilhelm","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4289-1353"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Wilhelm","raw_affiliation_strings":["Retina Implant AG, Reutlingen, Germany","STC Autonomous Nervous Syst. & Safety Studies, Ofterdingen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Retina Implant AG, Reutlingen, Germany","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"STC Autonomous Nervous Syst. & Safety Studies, Ofterdingen, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049368426","display_name":"Udo Greppmaier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6789-434X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"U. Greppmaier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Retina Implant AG, Reutlingen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Retina Implant AG, Reutlingen, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048590651","display_name":"Alex Harscher","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I101202996","display_name":"Semmelweis University","ror":"https://ror.org/01g9ty582","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I101202996"]}],"countries":["HU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Harscher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary","Retina Implant AG, Reutlingen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I101202996"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Retina Implant AG, Reutlingen, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006158807","display_name":"Steffen Kibbel","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Kibbel","raw_affiliation_strings":["STC Autonomous Nervous System and Safety Studies, Ofterdingen, Germany","Retina Implant AG, Reutlingen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"STC Autonomous Nervous System and Safety Studies, Ofterdingen, Germany","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Retina Implant AG, Reutlingen, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082675629","display_name":"W. Wrobel","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. Wrobel","raw_affiliation_strings":["STC Autonomous Nervous System and Safety Studies, Ofterdingen, Germany","Retina Implant AG, Reutlingen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"STC Autonomous Nervous System and Safety Studies, Ofterdingen, Germany","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Retina Implant AG, Reutlingen, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090181776","display_name":"Alfred Stett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4771-1550"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111828","display_name":"Natural and Medical Sciences Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01th1p123","country_code":"DE","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111828"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Stett","raw_affiliation_strings":["SUBRET Study Group, NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, Reutlingen, Germany","NMI Natural & Med. Sci. Inst., Reutlingen, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SUBRET Study Group, NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, Reutlingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111828"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"NMI Natural & Med. Sci. Inst., Reutlingen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111828"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":17,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037669782"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8087733"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2063,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75065814,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microelectrode","display_name":"Microelectrode","score":0.7080002427101135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/luminance","display_name":"Luminance","score":0.6537914276123047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multielectrode-array","display_name":"Multielectrode array","score":0.5952786803245544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photodiode","display_name":"Photodiode","score":0.5775965452194214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrode","display_name":"Electrode","score":0.56074458360672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinitis-pigmentosa","display_name":"Retinitis pigmentosa","score":0.5128827095031738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.49015578627586365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrode-array","display_name":"Electrode array","score":0.48531216382980347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinal-implant","display_name":"Retinal implant","score":0.47245481610298157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.45336559414863586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photodetector","display_name":"Photodetector","score":0.4249551296234131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.3992323577404022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retina","display_name":"Retina","score":0.38625580072402954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomedical-engineering","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","score":0.37151777744293213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3647651970386505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.2566738724708557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2157185673713684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.18843728303909302}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111670793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16979465","display_name":"Microelectrode","level":3,"score":0.7080002427101135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73313986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355386","display_name":"Luminance","level":2,"score":0.6537914276123047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95967509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952355","display_name":"Multielectrode array","level":4,"score":0.5952786803245544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C751236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175943","display_name":"Photodiode","level":2,"score":0.5775965452194214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.56074458360672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781114197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847057","display_name":"Retinitis pigmentosa","level":3,"score":0.5128827095031738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.49015578627586365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97562148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5357989","display_name":"Electrode array","level":3,"score":0.48531216382980347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158383150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3149439","display_name":"Retinal implant","level":3,"score":0.47245481610298157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.45336559414863586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23125352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210765","display_name":"Photodetector","level":2,"score":0.4249551296234131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3992323577404022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777093970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169342","display_name":"Retina","level":2,"score":0.38625580072402954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.37151777744293213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3647651970386505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.2566738724708557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2157185673713684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.18843728303909302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bmei.2009.5305315","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bmei.2009.5305315","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 2nd International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Informatics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.47999998927116394,"display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321114","display_name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/04pz7b180"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971789062","https://openalex.org/W1973701820","https://openalex.org/W1980623242","https://openalex.org/W1989164902","https://openalex.org/W2014310324","https://openalex.org/W2014429820","https://openalex.org/W2028413096","https://openalex.org/W2092571114","https://openalex.org/W2095891880","https://openalex.org/W2102165670"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2061877343","https://openalex.org/W2028205923","https://openalex.org/W2036589571","https://openalex.org/W2580354389","https://openalex.org/W4323040496","https://openalex.org/W2242980981","https://openalex.org/W2354662944","https://openalex.org/W2040769206","https://openalex.org/W2965952509","https://openalex.org/W3005644011"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Eleven":[0],"patients":[1],"received":[2],"subretinal":[3,128,138],"implants,":[4],"powered":[5],"and":[6,25,52],"controlled":[7,47],"via":[8,126],"a":[9,14,37,56,63],"subdermal":[10],"cable":[11],"ending":[12],"in":[13,104,147],"thin":[15],"intraocular":[16],"foil,":[17],"placed":[18],"transsclerally":[19],"between":[20],"the":[21,26,93,127,133],"retinal":[22],"pigment":[23],"epithelium":[24],"neuroretina.":[27],"The":[28],"tip":[29],"of":[30,97,116,135,143],"this":[31],"foil":[32],"carries":[33],"two":[34],"distinct":[35],"arrays,":[36],"Multiphotodiode":[38],"Array":[39],"(MPDA)":[40],"with":[41,66,76],"1500":[42],"electrodes,":[43,68],"each":[44],"electrode":[45],"being":[46],"by":[48],"an":[49,53],"adjacent":[50],"photodiode":[51],"amplifier":[54],"within":[55],"3times3times0.1":[57],"mm":[58],"chip,":[59],"as":[60,62],"well":[61],"second":[64],"array":[65],"16":[67],"for":[69,92,141],"direct":[70],"stimulation":[71],"(DS).":[72],"Subretinal":[73],"multielectrode":[74,139],"implants":[75],"currents":[77],"close":[78],"to":[79,83,123],"recognition":[80,96],"threshold":[81],"(10":[82],"27":[84],"nC/electrode)":[85],"produce":[86],"retinotopically":[87],"correct":[88],"patterns":[89,115],"that":[90],"allow":[91],"first":[94],"time":[95],"individual":[98],"letters":[99],"(8":[100],"cm":[101,107],"high,":[102],"viewed":[103],"appr.":[105],"62":[106],"distance)":[108],"even":[109],"at":[110],"low":[111],"luminance":[112,118],"levels.":[113],"Stripe":[114],"moderate":[117],"can":[119],"be":[120],"resolved":[121],"up":[122],"0.35":[124],"cycles/deg":[125],"chip.":[129],"This":[130],"clearly":[131],"supports":[132],"feasibility":[134],"light":[136],"sensitive":[137],"devices":[140],"restoration":[142],"useful":[144],"visual":[145],"percepts":[146],"blind":[148],"patients.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}