{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2083972623","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/blackseacom.2014.6849012","title":"A high throughput K-best detector on FPGA","display_name":"A high throughput K-best detector on FPGA","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2083972623","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/blackseacom.2014.6849012","mag":"2083972623"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/blackseacom.2014.6849012","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/blackseacom.2014.6849012","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE International Black Sea Conference on Communications and Networking (BlackSeaCom)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100415099","display_name":"Zhiqiang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6504-0543"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhiqiang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["school of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","Sch. of Comput., Nat. Univ. of Defense, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"school of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Comput., Nat. Univ. of Defense, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047572387","display_name":"Jingfei Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2668-3228"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingfei Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhiqiang Liu is in school of Computer, National University of Defense, Technology, Deya Road, 109#, Changsha, China","Sch. of Comput., Nat. Univ. of Defense, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhiqiang Liu is in school of Computer, National University of Defense, Technology, Deya Road, 109#, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Comput., Nat. Univ. of Defense, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028106521","display_name":"Yong Dou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Dou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhiqiang Liu is in school of Computer, National University of Defense, Technology, Deya Road, 109#, Changsha, China","Sch. of Comput., Nat. Univ. of Defense, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhiqiang Liu is in school of Computer, National University of Defense, Technology, Deya Road, 109#, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Comput., Nat. Univ. of Defense, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060842196","display_name":"Rongchun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5922-7961"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rongchun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhiqiang Liu is in school of Computer, National University of Defense, Technology, Deya Road, 109#, Changsha, China","Sch. of Comput., Nat. Univ. of Defense, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhiqiang Liu is in school of Computer, National University of Defense, Technology, Deya Road, 109#, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Comput., Nat. Univ. of Defense, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043464306","display_name":"Song Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9831-2202"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Song Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhiqiang Liu is in school of Computer, National University of Defense, Technology, Deya Road, 109#, Changsha, China","Sch. of Comput., Nat. Univ. of Defense, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhiqiang Liu is in school of Computer, National University of Defense, Technology, Deya Road, 109#, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Comput., Nat. Univ. of Defense, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100415099"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2093,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60599807,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"92","last_page":"96"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.7974101901054382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.7600326538085938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.719668447971344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.686951756477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.6276929378509521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.4851013422012329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sorting","display_name":"Sorting","score":0.44411221146583557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.4153582453727722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4005783200263977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.39768826961517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.3774682879447937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.34952235221862793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.2207208275794983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.13360241055488586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09218558669090271}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.7974101901054382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.7600326538085938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.719668447971344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.686951756477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.6276929378509521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.4851013422012329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111696304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2303697","display_name":"Sorting","level":2,"score":0.44411221146583557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.4153582453727722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4005783200263977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.39768826961517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.3774682879447937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.34952235221862793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.2207208275794983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.13360241055488586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09218558669090271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/blackseacom.2014.6849012","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/blackseacom.2014.6849012","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE International Black Sea Conference on Communications and Networking (BlackSeaCom)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1946663460","https://openalex.org/W2051696074","https://openalex.org/W2125526602","https://openalex.org/W2131503556","https://openalex.org/W3142741143","https://openalex.org/W6640649371"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2111241003","https://openalex.org/W2355315220","https://openalex.org/W4200391368","https://openalex.org/W2210979487","https://openalex.org/W2739612537","https://openalex.org/W2316202402","https://openalex.org/W2074043759","https://openalex.org/W2082487009","https://openalex.org/W2189154201","https://openalex.org/W3039556430"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,82,143],"multiple-input-multiple-output":[1],"(MIMO)":[2],"technique":[3],"is":[4,25,88],"widely":[5],"used":[6],"in":[7,34],"modern":[8],"wireless":[9],"communication":[10,20],"systems":[11],"because":[12],"it":[13],"greatly":[14],"increases":[15],"system":[16],"capacity":[17],"and":[18,120,160],"improves":[19],"reliability.":[21],"However,":[22],"MIMO":[23,80],"detection":[24,30,53,75],"a":[26,65,103,137,162],"challenging":[27],"task.":[28],"Sphere":[29,52],"algorithms":[31,54],"are":[32],"preferred":[33],"practice":[35],"as":[36],"these":[37],"can":[38,113],"achieve":[39],"bit":[40],"error":[41],"rate":[42],"performances":[43,119],"close":[44],"to":[45,166],"that":[46],"of":[47,72,85,130,139,164],"the":[48,70,73,86,91,100,109],"maximum":[49],"likelihood":[50],"algorithm.":[51],"also":[55],"offer":[56],"affordable":[57],"computational":[58],"complexity.":[59],"In":[60,94],"this":[61,95],"paper,":[62],"we":[63,97,112],"propose":[64],"layer-wise":[66],"detector":[67,144,153],"framework":[68,87],"on":[69,90],"basis":[71],"K-best":[74],"algorithm":[76],"for":[77],"4\u00d74,":[78],"16-QAM":[79],"systems.":[81],"kernel":[83],"module":[84,101],"based":[89],"layer-processing":[92,110],"module.":[93],"case,":[96],"fully":[98,150],"pipelined":[99],"with":[102,117,127,145],"parallel":[104],"sorting":[105],"unit.":[106],"By":[107],"using":[108],"module,":[111],"assemble":[114],"different":[115,118,128],"detectors":[116,126,135],"cost":[121],"trade-offs.":[122],"We":[123],"deployed":[124],"four":[125],"amounts":[129],"layer":[131,147],"processing":[132],"modules.":[133],"All":[134],"receive":[136],"throughput":[138,163],"over":[140],"300":[141],"Mbps.":[142],"eight":[146],"modules":[148],"was":[149],"pipelined.":[151],"This":[152],"generates":[154],"one":[155],"result":[156],"per":[157],"clock":[158],"cycle":[159],"obtains":[161],"up":[165],"2.68":[167],"Gbps":[168],"at":[169],"168":[170],"MHz.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
