{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389777340","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biosig58226.2023.10345975","title":"Fairness and Privacy in Voice Biometrics: A Study of Gender Influences Using wav2vec 2.0","display_name":"Fairness and Privacy in Voice Biometrics: A Study of Gender Influences Using wav2vec 2.0","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389777340","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biosig58226.2023.10345975"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/biosig58226.2023.10345975","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biosig58226.2023.10345975","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 International Conference of the Biometrics Special Interest Group (BIOSIG)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089963033","display_name":"Ouba\u00efda Chouchane","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8208-9667"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1902872","display_name":"EURECOM","ror":"https://ror.org/00sse7z02","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1902872","https://openalex.org/I205703379"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ouba\u00efda Chouchane","raw_affiliation_strings":["EURECOM,Digital Security,Sophia Antipolis,France","Digital Security, EURECOM, Sophia Antipolis, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EURECOM,Digital Security,Sophia Antipolis,France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1902872"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Security, EURECOM, Sophia Antipolis, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1902872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011500823","display_name":"Michele Panariello","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4154-5460"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1902872","display_name":"EURECOM","ror":"https://ror.org/00sse7z02","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1902872","https://openalex.org/I205703379"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michele Panariello","raw_affiliation_strings":["EURECOM,Digital Security,Sophia Antipolis,France","Digital Security, EURECOM, Sophia Antipolis, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EURECOM,Digital Security,Sophia Antipolis,France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1902872"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Security, EURECOM, Sophia Antipolis, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1902872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018835209","display_name":"Chiara Galdi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7129-0709"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1902872","display_name":"EURECOM","ror":"https://ror.org/00sse7z02","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1902872","https://openalex.org/I205703379"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chiara Galdi","raw_affiliation_strings":["EURECOM,Digital Security,Sophia Antipolis,France","Digital Security, EURECOM, Sophia Antipolis, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EURECOM,Digital Security,Sophia Antipolis,France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1902872"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Security, EURECOM, Sophia Antipolis, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1902872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049594655","display_name":"Massimiliano Todisco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2883-0324"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1902872","display_name":"EURECOM","ror":"https://ror.org/00sse7z02","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1902872","https://openalex.org/I205703379"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Massimiliano Todisco","raw_affiliation_strings":["EURECOM,Digital Security,Sophia Antipolis,France","Digital Security, EURECOM, Sophia Antipolis, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EURECOM,Digital Security,Sophia Antipolis,France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1902872"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Security, EURECOM, Sophia Antipolis, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1902872"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066811192","display_name":"Nicholas Evans","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8459-1041"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1902872","display_name":"EURECOM","ror":"https://ror.org/00sse7z02","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1902872","https://openalex.org/I205703379"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas Evans","raw_affiliation_strings":["EURECOM,Digital Security,Sophia Antipolis,France","Digital Security, EURECOM, Sophia Antipolis, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EURECOM,Digital Security,Sophia Antipolis,France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1902872"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Security, EURECOM, Sophia Antipolis, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1902872"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089963033"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1902872"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6983,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76745423,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9785000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.7944022417068481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.7484081387519836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7195441722869873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/private-information-retrieval","display_name":"Private information retrieval","score":0.6380903124809265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5743010640144348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometric-data","display_name":"Biometric data","score":0.5496118068695068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.48482146859169006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equity","display_name":"Equity (law)","score":0.4408632218837738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4214169681072235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.4121703505516052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2242048680782318}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.7944022417068481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.7484081387519836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7195441722869873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99221444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1532069","display_name":"Private information retrieval","level":2,"score":0.6380903124809265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5743010640144348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989513435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometric data","level":3,"score":0.5496118068695068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.48482146859169006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199728807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2578557","display_name":"Equity (law)","level":2,"score":0.4408632218837738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4214169681072235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.4121703505516052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2242048680782318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/biosig58226.2023.10345975","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biosig58226.2023.10345975","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 International Conference of the Biometrics Special Interest Group (BIOSIG)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.8100000023841858}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1731081199","https://openalex.org/W2003573652","https://openalex.org/W2547875792","https://openalex.org/W2726515241","https://openalex.org/W2808631503","https://openalex.org/W2933138175","https://openalex.org/W2945505538","https://openalex.org/W2945608075","https://openalex.org/W2999905431","https://openalex.org/W3010925296","https://openalex.org/W3036601975","https://openalex.org/W3114056688","https://openalex.org/W3122223340","https://openalex.org/W3161922222","https://openalex.org/W3184252821","https://openalex.org/W3185520669","https://openalex.org/W3192864012","https://openalex.org/W3198275944","https://openalex.org/W3201192087","https://openalex.org/W3202370288","https://openalex.org/W3207051247","https://openalex.org/W4224920133","https://openalex.org/W4226371168","https://openalex.org/W4287067366","https://openalex.org/W4296069354","https://openalex.org/W4302308089","https://openalex.org/W4312081513","https://openalex.org/W4381162334","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6637618735","https://openalex.org/W6729448088","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6798873502"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2070951564","https://openalex.org/W4235304214","https://openalex.org/W2348616196","https://openalex.org/W2081577055","https://openalex.org/W4205513058","https://openalex.org/W3183904581","https://openalex.org/W4206056428","https://openalex.org/W1942112330","https://openalex.org/W4386159983","https://openalex.org/W2084010922"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,19,28,32,54,57,71,76,95,119,123,143,152],"impact":[4],"of":[5,36,56,131],"gender":[6,92,139],"information":[7,93],"on":[8],"utility,":[9,156],"privacy,":[10],"and":[11,34,38,41,84,150,158],"fairness":[12,43,83],"in":[13,44,70,86,160],"voice":[14,161],"biometric":[15,162],"systems,":[16],"guided":[17],"by":[18],"General":[20],"Data":[21],"Protection":[22],"Regulation":[23],"(GDPR)":[24],"mandates,":[25],"which":[26],"underscore":[27],"need":[29,144],"for":[30,61,145],"minimizing":[31],"processing":[33],"storage":[35],"private":[37],"sensitive":[39],"data,":[40],"ensuring":[42],"automated":[45],"decision-making":[46],"systems.":[47,163],"We":[48],"adopt":[49],"an":[50],"approach":[51],"that":[52],"involves":[53],"fine-tuning":[55,77],"wav2vec":[58],"2.0":[59],"model":[60,105],"speaker":[62,114],"verification":[63,115],"tasks,":[64],"evaluating":[65],"potential":[66,138],"gender-related":[67],"privacy":[68,85,107,157],"vulnerabilities":[69],"process.":[72],"Gender":[73],"influences":[74],"during":[75],"process":[78],"were":[79],"employed":[80],"to":[81,88,118,136,148],"enhance":[82],"order":[87],"emphasise":[89],"or":[90],"obscure":[91],"within":[94],"speakers'":[96],"embeddings.":[97],"Results":[98],"from":[99],"VoxCeleb":[100],"datasets":[101],"indicate":[102],"our":[103],"adversarial":[104],"increases":[106],"against":[108,127],"uninformed":[109],"attacks,":[110],"yet":[111],"slightly":[112],"diminishes":[113],"performance":[116,133],"compared":[117],"non-adversarial":[120],"model.":[121],"However,":[122],"model's":[124],"efficacy":[125],"reduces":[126],"informed":[128],"attacks.":[129],"Analysis":[130],"system":[132],"was":[134],"conducted":[135],"identify":[137],"biases,":[140],"thus":[141],"highlighting":[142],"further":[146],"research":[147],"understand":[149],"improve":[151],"delicate":[153],"interplay":[154],"between":[155],"equity":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}