{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3201790025","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biosig52210.2021.9548306","title":"Impact of Doppelg\u00e4ngers on Face Recognition: Database and Evaluation","display_name":"Impact of Doppelg\u00e4ngers on Face Recognition: Database and Evaluation","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3201790025","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biosig52210.2021.9548306","mag":"3201790025"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/biosig52210.2021.9548306","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biosig52210.2021.9548306","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 International Conference of the Biometrics Special Interest Group (BIOSIG)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087866084","display_name":"Christian Rathgeb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1901-9468"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099379","display_name":"Zimmer Biomet (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/016731f38","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099379","https://openalex.org/I4210115238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107257983","display_name":"Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/047wbd030","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107257983"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"C. Rathgeb","raw_affiliation_strings":["da/sec \u2013 Biometrics and Internet Security Research Group, Hochschule Darmstadt, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"da/sec \u2013 Biometrics and Internet Security Research Group, Hochschule Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107257983","https://openalex.org/I4210099379"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014223530","display_name":"Pawel Drozdowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4758-339X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099379","display_name":"Zimmer Biomet (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/016731f38","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099379","https://openalex.org/I4210115238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107257983","display_name":"Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/047wbd030","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107257983"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Drozdowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["da/sec \u2013 Biometrics and Internet Security Research Group, Hochschule Darmstadt, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"da/sec \u2013 Biometrics and Internet Security Research Group, Hochschule Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107257983","https://openalex.org/I4210099379"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078094216","display_name":"M. Obel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099379","display_name":"Zimmer Biomet (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/016731f38","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099379","https://openalex.org/I4210115238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107257983","display_name":"Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/047wbd030","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107257983"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Obel","raw_affiliation_strings":["da/sec \u2013 Biometrics and Internet Security Research Group, Hochschule Darmstadt, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"da/sec \u2013 Biometrics and Internet Security Research Group, Hochschule Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107257983","https://openalex.org/I4210099379"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031730152","display_name":"Andre Dorsch","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099379","display_name":"Zimmer Biomet (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/016731f38","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099379","https://openalex.org/I4210115238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107257983","display_name":"Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/047wbd030","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107257983"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Dorsch","raw_affiliation_strings":["da/sec \u2013 Biometrics and Internet Security Research Group, Hochschule Darmstadt, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"da/sec \u2013 Biometrics and Internet Security Research Group, Hochschule Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107257983","https://openalex.org/I4210099379"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016121385","display_name":"Fabian Stockhardt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7064-8713"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099379","display_name":"Zimmer Biomet (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/016731f38","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099379","https://openalex.org/I4210115238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107257983","display_name":"Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/047wbd030","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107257983"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Stockhardt","raw_affiliation_strings":["da/sec \u2013 Biometrics and Internet Security Research Group, Hochschule Darmstadt, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"da/sec \u2013 Biometrics and Internet Security Research Group, Hochschule Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107257983","https://openalex.org/I4210099379"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029650753","display_name":"Nathania E. Haryanto","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099379","display_name":"Zimmer Biomet (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/016731f38","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099379","https://openalex.org/I4210115238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107257983","display_name":"Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/047wbd030","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107257983"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. E. Haryanto","raw_affiliation_strings":["da/sec \u2013 Biometrics and Internet Security Research Group, Hochschule Darmstadt, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"da/sec \u2013 Biometrics and Internet Security Research Group, Hochschule Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107257983","https://openalex.org/I4210099379"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008831489","display_name":"Kevin Bernardo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107257983","display_name":"Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/047wbd030","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107257983"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099379","display_name":"Zimmer Biomet (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/016731f38","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099379","https://openalex.org/I4210115238"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Bernardo","raw_affiliation_strings":["da/sec \u2013 Biometrics and Internet Security Research Group, Hochschule Darmstadt, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"da/sec \u2013 Biometrics and Internet Security Research Group, Hochschule Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107257983","https://openalex.org/I4210099379"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017716310","display_name":"Christoph Busch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9159-2923"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107257983","display_name":"Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/047wbd030","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107257983"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099379","display_name":"Zimmer Biomet (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/016731f38","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099379","https://openalex.org/I4210115238"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Busch","raw_affiliation_strings":["da/sec \u2013 Biometrics and Internet Security Research Group, Hochschule Darmstadt, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"da/sec \u2013 Biometrics and Internet Security Research Group, Hochschule Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107257983","https://openalex.org/I4210099379"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087866084"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107257983","https://openalex.org/I4210099379"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2882,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5602451,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7831876277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.7012509107589722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6965895891189575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6886980533599854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.6117388010025024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5580831170082092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.479525089263916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrast","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","score":0.477245569229126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/three-dimensional-face-recognition","display_name":"Three-dimensional face recognition","score":0.41123533248901367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.3909146785736084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.389893114566803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3787204623222351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.3262263834476471}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7831876277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.7012509107589722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6965895891189575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6886980533599854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.6117388010025024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5580831170082092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.479525089263916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.477245569229126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88799230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398329","display_name":"Three-dimensional face recognition","level":5,"score":0.41123533248901367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3909146785736084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.389893114566803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3787204623222351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.3262263834476471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/biosig52210.2021.9548306","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biosig52210.2021.9548306","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 International Conference of the Biometrics Special Interest Group (BIOSIG)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2001664260","https://openalex.org/W2028936330","https://openalex.org/W2070253417","https://openalex.org/W2133670146","https://openalex.org/W2137659841","https://openalex.org/W2145287260","https://openalex.org/W2555373976","https://openalex.org/W2557864411","https://openalex.org/W2572045081","https://openalex.org/W2763783270","https://openalex.org/W2770419535","https://openalex.org/W2784025535","https://openalex.org/W2799041689","https://openalex.org/W2964204524","https://openalex.org/W2969985801","https://openalex.org/W2971058209","https://openalex.org/W2981507654","https://openalex.org/W3021315956","https://openalex.org/W3110734439","https://openalex.org/W3124054989","https://openalex.org/W3161655641","https://openalex.org/W6681342084","https://openalex.org/W6795189297"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2166031825","https://openalex.org/W2918845005","https://openalex.org/W2040482211","https://openalex.org/W2058325696","https://openalex.org/W2185537520","https://openalex.org/W325114128","https://openalex.org/W4285815683","https://openalex.org/W2336272890","https://openalex.org/W4312238398","https://openalex.org/W4308999963"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Lookalikes,":[0],"a.k.a.":[1],"doppelg\u00e4ngers,":[2],"increase":[3,103],"the":[4,32,78,90,118],"probability":[5],"of":[6,34,39,56,59,104],"false":[7,105],"matches":[8],"in":[9,14,81,100,115],"a":[10,51,101],"facial":[11],"recognition":[12,66],"system,":[13],"contrast":[15],"to":[16,28],"random":[17],"face":[18,36,41,53,65],"image":[19,42,92],"pairs":[20,43,58,93],"selected":[21],"for":[22],"non-mated":[23],"comparison":[24],"trials.":[25],"In":[26,46],"order":[27],"analyse":[29],"and":[30,73,112],"improve":[31],"robustness":[33],"automated":[35],"recognition,":[37],"datasets":[38],"doppelganger":[40],"are":[44,68],"needed.":[45],"this":[47,116],"work,":[48],"we":[49],"present":[50],"new":[52],"database":[54,72],"consisting":[55],"400":[57],"doppelg\u00e4nger":[60],"images.":[61],"Subsequently,":[62],"two":[63],"state-of-the-art":[64],"systems":[67],"evaluated":[69],"on":[70],"said":[71],"other":[74],"public":[75],"datasets,":[76],"including":[77],"Disguised":[79],"Faces":[80],"The":[82],"Wild":[83],"(DFW)":[84],"database.":[85],"It":[86],"is":[87,120],"found":[88],"that":[89],"collected":[91],"yield":[94],"very":[95],"high":[96],"similarity":[97],"scores":[98],"resulting":[99],"significant":[102],"match":[106],"rates.":[107],"To":[108],"facilitate":[109],"reproducible":[110],"research":[111],"future":[113],"experiments":[114],"field,":[117],"dataset":[119],"made":[121],"available.":[122]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
