{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3204965135","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biosig52210.2021.9548300","title":"Learning by Environment Clusters for Face Presentation Attack Detection","display_name":"Learning by Environment Clusters for Face Presentation Attack Detection","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3204965135","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biosig52210.2021.9548300","mag":"3204965135"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/biosig52210.2021.9548300","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biosig52210.2021.9548300","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 International Conference of the Biometrics Special Interest Group (BIOSIG)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078617864","display_name":"Tomoaki Matsunami","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2252096349","display_name":"Fujitsu (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/038e2g226","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2252096349"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tomoaki Matsunami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fujitsu Limited,Kawasaki,Japan","Fujitsu Limited, Kawasaki, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fujitsu Limited,Kawasaki,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2252096349"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fujitsu Limited, Kawasaki, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2252096349"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110616844","display_name":"Hidetsugu Uchida","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2252096349","display_name":"Fujitsu (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/038e2g226","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2252096349"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hidetsugu Uchida","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fujitsu Limited,Kawasaki,Japan","Fujitsu Limited, Kawasaki, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fujitsu Limited,Kawasaki,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2252096349"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fujitsu Limited, Kawasaki, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2252096349"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083148100","display_name":"Narishige Abe","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2252096349","display_name":"Fujitsu (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/038e2g226","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2252096349"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Narishige Abe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fujitsu Limited,Kawasaki,Japan","Fujitsu Limited, Kawasaki, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fujitsu Limited,Kawasaki,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2252096349"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fujitsu Limited, Kawasaki, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2252096349"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042876523","display_name":"Shigefumi Yamada","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2252096349","display_name":"Fujitsu (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/038e2g226","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2252096349"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shigefumi Yamada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fujitsu Limited,Kawasaki,Japan","Fujitsu Limited, Kawasaki, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fujitsu Limited,Kawasaki,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2252096349"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fujitsu Limited, Kawasaki, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2252096349"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078617864"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2252096349"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13184584,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"50","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8443118929862976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6323275566101074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.5917555093765259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/presentation","display_name":"Presentation (obstetrics)","score":0.5317180156707764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5063353776931763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.4860542118549347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/train","display_name":"Train","score":0.45320892333984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.43239057064056396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4282562732696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3942592740058899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.12380033731460571}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8443118929862976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6323275566101074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.5917555093765259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3409113","display_name":"Presentation (obstetrics)","level":2,"score":0.5317180156707764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5063353776931763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.4860542118549347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190839683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2448197","display_name":"Train","level":2,"score":0.45320892333984375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.43239057064056396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4282562732696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3942592740058899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.12380033731460571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/biosig52210.2021.9548300","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biosig52210.2021.9548300","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 International Conference of the Biometrics Special Interest Group (BIOSIG)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1502160187","https://openalex.org/W1591599950","https://openalex.org/W1704933117","https://openalex.org/W2011016023","https://openalex.org/W2016381774","https://openalex.org/W2073942619","https://openalex.org/W2106852298","https://openalex.org/W2129622867","https://openalex.org/W2163352848","https://openalex.org/W2341528187","https://openalex.org/W2522438482","https://openalex.org/W2565867885","https://openalex.org/W2602244503","https://openalex.org/W2728977829","https://openalex.org/W2738874969","https://openalex.org/W2801012453","https://openalex.org/W2883750974","https://openalex.org/W3044238852","https://openalex.org/W3092865567","https://openalex.org/W3101998545","https://openalex.org/W3117094438","https://openalex.org/W3120331994","https://openalex.org/W6630005630","https://openalex.org/W6637339757","https://openalex.org/W6781215863","https://openalex.org/W6781431555"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W618248309","https://openalex.org/W2377336366","https://openalex.org/W1568097102","https://openalex.org/W4390419160","https://openalex.org/W1601203902","https://openalex.org/W2075798043","https://openalex.org/W4225671779","https://openalex.org/W2102464536","https://openalex.org/W2361332776","https://openalex.org/W2384651879"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Face":[0],"recognition":[1],"has":[2],"been":[3,46,52],"used":[4,144],"widely":[5],"for":[6,100],"personal":[7],"authentication.":[8],"However,":[9],"there":[10],"is":[11,16,30],"a":[12,19,24,28,33],"problem":[13],"that":[14],"it":[15],"vulnerable":[17],"to":[18,32,35,54],"presentation":[20,41,65],"attack":[21,42,66,97],"in":[22],"which":[23,82,117],"counterfeit":[25],"such":[26],"as":[27,145],"photo":[29],"presented":[31],"camera":[34],"impersonate":[36],"another":[37],"person.":[38],"Although":[39],"various":[40],"detection":[43],"methods":[44,49],"have":[45,50],"proposed,":[47],"these":[48],"not":[51],"able":[53],"sufficiently":[55],"cope":[56],"with":[57],"the":[58,61,111,114,146],"diversity":[59],"of":[60,89,113],"heterogeneous":[62],"environments":[63,92],"including":[64],"instruments":[67],"(PAIs)":[68],"and":[69,93,96,108,140],"lighting":[70],"conditions.":[71],"In":[72],"this":[73],"paper,":[74],"we":[75],"propose":[76],"Learning":[77],"by":[78],"Environment":[79],"Clusters":[80],"(LEC)":[81],"divides":[83],"training":[84],"data":[85,124],"into":[86],"some":[87],"clusters":[88],"similar":[90],"photographic":[91],"trains":[94,118],"bona-fide":[95],"classification":[98,120,147],"models":[99],"each":[101],"cluster.":[102],"Experimental":[103],"results":[104],"using":[105,134],"Replay-Attack,":[106],"OULU-NPU,":[107],"CelebA-Spoof":[109],"show":[110],"EER":[112,132],"conventional":[115],"method":[116],"one":[119],"model":[121],"from":[122],"all":[123],"was":[125],"20.0%,":[126],"but":[127],"LEC":[128],"can":[129],"achieve":[130],"13.8%":[131],"when":[133],"binarized":[135],"statistical":[136],"image":[137],"features":[138],"(BSIFs)":[139],"support":[141],"vector":[142],"machine":[143],"method.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
