{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3203255870","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biosig52210.2021.9548299","title":"Identical Twins as a Facial Similarity Benchmark for Human Facial Recognition","display_name":"Identical Twins as a Facial Similarity Benchmark for Human Facial Recognition","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3203255870","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biosig52210.2021.9548299","mag":"3203255870"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/biosig52210.2021.9548299","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biosig52210.2021.9548299","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 International Conference of the Biometrics Special Interest Group (BIOSIG)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013485471","display_name":"John McCauley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2400-8619"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12097938","display_name":"West Virginia University","ror":"https://ror.org/011vxgd24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John McCauley","raw_affiliation_strings":["West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076900687","display_name":"Sobhan Soleymani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3541-0918"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12097938","display_name":"West Virginia University","ror":"https://ror.org/011vxgd24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sobhan Soleymani","raw_affiliation_strings":["West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082054721","display_name":"Brady Williams","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12097938","display_name":"West Virginia University","ror":"https://ror.org/011vxgd24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brady Williams","raw_affiliation_strings":["West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051154603","display_name":"John Dando","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12097938","display_name":"West Virginia University","ror":"https://ror.org/011vxgd24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Dando","raw_affiliation_strings":["West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021852735","display_name":"Nasser M. Nasrabadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8730-627X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12097938","display_name":"West Virginia University","ror":"https://ror.org/011vxgd24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nasser Nasrabadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068143389","display_name":"Jeremy Dawson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4539-7588"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12097938","display_name":"West Virginia University","ror":"https://ror.org/011vxgd24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeremy Dawson","raw_affiliation_strings":["West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013485471"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5819,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68931177,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.7166616916656494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7097143530845642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.7053840160369873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6995387077331543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.6888235807418823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6820916533470154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6657219529151917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.6335759162902832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity-measure","display_name":"Similarity measure","score":0.6181904077529907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5104719400405884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4986145496368408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4773257374763489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.47222140431404114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4210110306739807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.21222051978111267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.07921189069747925}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.7166616916656494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7097143530845642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.7053840160369873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6995387077331543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.6888235807418823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6820916533470154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6657219529151917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.6335759162902832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776517306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29017317","display_name":"Similarity measure","level":2,"score":0.6181904077529907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5104719400405884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4986145496368408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4773257374763489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.47222140431404114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4210110306739807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.21222051978111267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.07921189069747925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/biosig52210.2021.9548299","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biosig52210.2021.9548299","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 International Conference of the Biometrics Special Interest Group (BIOSIG)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1577100866","https://openalex.org/W1592735956","https://openalex.org/W1834627138","https://openalex.org/W1983197836","https://openalex.org/W1997343507","https://openalex.org/W2005040819","https://openalex.org/W2070253417","https://openalex.org/W2096350233","https://openalex.org/W2096733369","https://openalex.org/W2133670146","https://openalex.org/W2138621090","https://openalex.org/W2171012909","https://openalex.org/W2562236831","https://openalex.org/W2909867671","https://openalex.org/W2964039506","https://openalex.org/W3083589295","https://openalex.org/W3099206234","https://openalex.org/W3119283265","https://openalex.org/W6634390065","https://openalex.org/W6674219269","https://openalex.org/W6758126003","https://openalex.org/W6782719202"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2076845124","https://openalex.org/W2183964146","https://openalex.org/W2379932303","https://openalex.org/W2319693127","https://openalex.org/W308539617","https://openalex.org/W2072263576","https://openalex.org/W2474567666","https://openalex.org/W1940044583","https://openalex.org/W2806903871","https://openalex.org/W4320802053"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,78,90],"problem":[1],"of":[2,23,31,33,51,67],"distinguishing":[3],"identical":[4,55],"twins":[5,56],"and":[6,57,103],"non-twin":[7],"look-alikes":[8],"in":[9],"automated":[10],"facial":[11,24,52,79],"recognition":[12],"(FR)":[13],"applications":[14],"has":[15,104],"become":[16],"increasingly":[17],"important":[18],"with":[19],"the":[20,34,65],"widespread":[21],"adoption":[22],"biometrics.":[25],"This":[26],"work":[27],"presents":[28],"an":[29],"application":[30],"one":[32],"largest":[35],"twin":[36],"datasets":[37,110],"compiled":[38],"to":[39,41,63,107,111],"date":[40],"address":[42],"two":[43,100],"FR":[44,72],"challenges:":[45],"1)":[46],"determining":[47],"a":[48,85,94],"baseline":[49],"measure":[50,62,81],"similarity":[53,61,80,96],"between":[54],"2)":[58],"applying":[59],"this":[60],"determine":[64],"impact":[66],"doppelgangers,":[68],"or":[69],"look-alikes,":[70],"on":[71],"performance":[73],"for":[74,98],"large":[75],"face":[76,109,114],"datasets.":[77],"is":[82],"determined":[83],"via":[84],"deep":[86],"convolutional":[87],"neural":[88],"network.":[89],"proposed":[91],"network":[92],"provides":[93],"quantitative":[95],"score":[97],"any":[99],"given":[101],"faces":[102],"been":[105],"applied":[106],"large-scale":[108],"identify":[112],"similar":[113],"pairs.":[115]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T08:41:31.759640","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
