{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403677859","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biorob60516.2024.10719823","title":"EEG-Based Multi-Class Classification for Recognizing Pedaling Velocities: A Promising Approach for Brain-Computer Interface-Enhanced Lower-Limb Robotic Rehabilitation","display_name":"EEG-Based Multi-Class Classification for Recognizing Pedaling Velocities: A Promising Approach for Brain-Computer Interface-Enhanced Lower-Limb Robotic Rehabilitation","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403677859","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biorob60516.2024.10719823"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/biorob60516.2024.10719823","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biorob60516.2024.10719823","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 10th IEEE RAS/EMBS International Conference for Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics (BioRob)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016824814","display_name":"Aura Ximena Gonz\u00e1lez-Cely","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9304-0834"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51235708","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Esp\u00edrito Santo","ror":"https://ror.org/05sxf4h28","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51235708"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A.X. Gonzalez-Cely","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Espirito Santo,Vitoria-ES,Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Espirito Santo,Vitoria-ES,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51235708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046171777","display_name":"Cristian Felipe Blanco-D\u00edaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8083-7454"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51235708","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Esp\u00edrito Santo","ror":"https://ror.org/05sxf4h28","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51235708"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C.F. Blanco-Diaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Espirito Santo,Vitoria-ES,Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Espirito Santo,Vitoria-ES,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51235708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045898142","display_name":"Denis Delisle-Rodr\u00edguez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8937-031X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Delisle-Rodriguez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Postgraduate Program in Neuroengineering, Edmond and Lily Safra International Institute of Neuroscience, Santos Dumont Institute 1560- Zona Rural,Macaiba-RN,Brazil,59280-000"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Postgraduate Program in Neuroengineering, Edmond and Lily Safra International Institute of Neuroscience, Santos Dumont Institute 1560- Zona Rural,Macaiba-RN,Brazil,59280-000","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046278346","display_name":"Teodiano Bastos-Filho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1185-2773"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51235708","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Esp\u00edrito Santo","ror":"https://ror.org/05sxf4h28","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51235708"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Teodiano Bastos-Filho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Espirito Santo,Vitoria-ES,Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Espirito Santo,Vitoria-ES,Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51235708"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5532,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65460291,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"223","last_page":"228"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9162999987602234,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain\u2013computer-interface","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","score":0.7698739767074585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.7080535292625427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rehabilitation","display_name":"Rehabilitation","score":0.6319909691810608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6195162534713745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interface","display_name":"Interface (matter)","score":0.5272701382637024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5186488032341003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lower-limb","display_name":"Lower limb","score":0.4577668011188507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.3922063410282135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3212112784385681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.19996294379234314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.19627201557159424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.17866361141204834}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.7698739767074585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.7080535292625427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778818304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1819478","display_name":"Rehabilitation","level":2,"score":0.6319909691810608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6195162534713745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.5272701382637024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5186488032341003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989316616","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6027402","display_name":"Lower limb","level":2,"score":0.4577668011188507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.3922063410282135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3212112784385681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.19996294379234314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.19627201557159424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.17866361141204834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157915830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2928001","display_name":"Bubble","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129307140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795880","display_name":"Maximum bubble pressure method","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/biorob60516.2024.10719823","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biorob60516.2024.10719823","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 10th IEEE RAS/EMBS International Conference for Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics (BioRob)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.iris.sssup.it:11382/576395","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11382/576395","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196376","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I162290304","host_organization_name":"Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162290304"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2010239598","https://openalex.org/W2024551348","https://openalex.org/W2068184837","https://openalex.org/W2128177245","https://openalex.org/W2590611054","https://openalex.org/W2734576780","https://openalex.org/W2861291188","https://openalex.org/W2887425726","https://openalex.org/W3005863444","https://openalex.org/W3082135365","https://openalex.org/W3127935830","https://openalex.org/W3137071058","https://openalex.org/W3137788206","https://openalex.org/W3217489542","https://openalex.org/W4206195853","https://openalex.org/W4211185921","https://openalex.org/W4226038940","https://openalex.org/W4367668393","https://openalex.org/W4388758675","https://openalex.org/W4392229535","https://openalex.org/W4392290516"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3202969339","https://openalex.org/W4237513258","https://openalex.org/W2044053727","https://openalex.org/W1994410349","https://openalex.org/W3177028067","https://openalex.org/W1913385466","https://openalex.org/W2914170859","https://openalex.org/W2889342546","https://openalex.org/W2015048155","https://openalex.org/W1969223073"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Lower-limb":[0],"robotic":[1,22,179],"rehabilitation":[2,199],"devices":[3,23],"have":[4],"shown":[5],"promising":[6],"results":[7],"in":[8,172],"restoring":[9],"functional":[10,26,40],"activities":[11],"of":[12,150,155,160,175,189,200],"individuals":[13,56],"with":[14,87,202],"motor":[15],"impairments.":[16],"Motorized":[17],"Mini-Exercise":[18],"Bikes":[19],"(MMEBs)":[20],"are":[21],"that":[24,164],"provide":[25,79,105],"and":[27,39,101,123,141,157],"repetitive":[28],"flexion/extension":[29],"exercises":[30],"through":[31],"Passive":[32],"Pedaling":[33],"(PP),":[34],"improving":[35],"muscular":[36],"activity,":[37],"coordination,":[38],"independence.":[41],"These":[42],"technologies":[43],"activated":[44],"by":[45,109],"Brain-Computer":[46],"Interfaces":[47],"(BCIs)":[48],"can":[49],"be":[50,170,184],"useful":[51],"during":[52],"therapeutic":[53],"interventions":[54],"for":[55,70,178,197],"who":[57,91],"cannot":[58],"voluntarily":[59],"perform":[60],"a":[61,66,80,85,106,111,124,147],"movement.":[62],"This":[63],"study":[64],"proposes":[65],"multi-class":[67],"classification":[68,125],"strategy":[69,145,191],"recognizing":[71],"different":[72],"pedaling":[73],"velocities":[74],"using":[75],"electroencephalography":[76],"signals.":[77],"To":[78],"meaningful":[81],"task,":[82],"we":[83,162],"conducted":[84],"protocol":[86],"ten":[88],"able-bodied":[89],"subjects":[90],"received":[92],"PP":[93],"from":[94],"an":[95,194],"MMEB":[96],"configured":[97],"at":[98],"30,":[99],"45,":[100],"60":[102],"rpm.":[103],"We":[104],"practical":[107],"demonstration":[108],"implementing":[110],"feature":[112],"extraction":[113],"stage":[114],"based":[115,127],"on":[116,128,186],"Common":[117],"Spatial":[118],"Patterns,":[119],"Power":[120],"Spectral":[121],"Density,":[122],"system":[126,166],"four":[129],"Machine":[130],"Learning":[131],"techniques:":[132],"Linear":[133],"Discriminant":[134],"Analysis,":[135],"Support":[136],"Vector":[137],"Machine,":[138],"k-nearest":[139],"Neighbors,":[140],"Decision":[142],"Tree.":[143],"Our":[144],"achieved":[146],"mean":[148],"accuracy":[149],"0.86,":[151],"false":[152],"positive":[153],"rate":[154],"0.13,":[156],"kappa":[158],"index":[159],"0.64,":[161],"concluded":[163],"the":[165,173],"has":[167],"potential":[168],"to":[169,192],"used":[171],"design":[174],"robust":[176],"controllers":[177],"devices.":[180],"Further":[181],"research":[182],"will":[183],"centered":[185],"real-time":[187],"evaluation":[188],"our":[190],"implement":[193],"MMEB-based":[195],"BCI":[196],"personalized":[198],"people":[201],"lower-limb":[203],"limitations,":[204],"such":[205],"as":[206],"stroke":[207],"or":[208],"spinal":[209],"cord":[210],"injury":[211],"survivors.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}