{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3094605507","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biorob49111.2020.9224437","title":"Development of a Noninvasive Device for Detection of Degenerative Brain Disorders","display_name":"Development of a Noninvasive Device for Detection of Degenerative Brain Disorders","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3094605507","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biorob49111.2020.9224437","mag":"3094605507"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/biorob49111.2020.9224437","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biorob49111.2020.9224437","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 8th IEEE RAS/EMBS International Conference for Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics (BioRob)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072142517","display_name":"M. Atif Yaqub","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9885-7891"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4921948","display_name":"Pusan National University","ror":"https://ror.org/01an57a31","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Atif Yaqub","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008804848","display_name":"Usman Ghafoor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5464-4002"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4921948","display_name":"Pusan National University","ror":"https://ror.org/01an57a31","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Usman Ghafoor","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021609168","display_name":"Keum\u2010Shik Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8528-4457"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4921948","display_name":"Pusan National University","ror":"https://ror.org/01an57a31","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keum-Shik Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"199","last_page":"204"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10977","display_name":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10977","display_name":"Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photodiode","display_name":"Photodiode","score":0.693413496017456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-near-infrared-spectroscopy","display_name":"Functional near-infrared spectroscopy","score":0.6369141340255737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imaging-phantom","display_name":"Imaging phantom","score":0.6030648946762085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5976397395133972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5875012874603271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.5527323484420776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.49587520956993103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4391689896583557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.35270237922668457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.2972724735736847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.27226412296295166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.2662171721458435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.19465842843055725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.13393718004226685}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C751236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175943","display_name":"Photodiode","level":2,"score":0.693413496017456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130796691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750537","display_name":"Functional near-infrared spectroscopy","level":4,"score":0.6369141340255737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104293457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28324852","display_name":"Imaging phantom","level":2,"score":0.6030648946762085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5976397395133972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5875012874603271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.5527323484420776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.49587520956993103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4391689896583557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.35270237922668457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.2972724735736847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.27226412296295166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.2662171721458435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.19465842843055725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.13393718004226685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781195155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18680","display_name":"Prefrontal cortex","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/biorob49111.2020.9224437","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biorob49111.2020.9224437","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 8th IEEE RAS/EMBS International Conference for Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics (BioRob)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972223851","https://openalex.org/W1974893143","https://openalex.org/W1981097671","https://openalex.org/W1983420402","https://openalex.org/W1990384647","https://openalex.org/W1992759203","https://openalex.org/W2000856452","https://openalex.org/W2005355353","https://openalex.org/W2005593275","https://openalex.org/W2050973816","https://openalex.org/W2065746243","https://openalex.org/W2076456816","https://openalex.org/W2080254481","https://openalex.org/W2092047918","https://openalex.org/W2114410288","https://openalex.org/W2144580488","https://openalex.org/W2156525940","https://openalex.org/W2164731417","https://openalex.org/W2187223910","https://openalex.org/W2256369587","https://openalex.org/W2282299048","https://openalex.org/W2327185450","https://openalex.org/W2403343629","https://openalex.org/W2504999730","https://openalex.org/W2553757335","https://openalex.org/W2560762084","https://openalex.org/W2561272868","https://openalex.org/W2578865187","https://openalex.org/W2588765333","https://openalex.org/W2729769462","https://openalex.org/W2731260452","https://openalex.org/W2766262086","https://openalex.org/W2791116204","https://openalex.org/W2796213315","https://openalex.org/W2810728445","https://openalex.org/W2811153207","https://openalex.org/W2883473999","https://openalex.org/W2884377384","https://openalex.org/W2892168226","https://openalex.org/W2895757091","https://openalex.org/W2898968651","https://openalex.org/W2899247207","https://openalex.org/W2899425393","https://openalex.org/W2901610515","https://openalex.org/W2902658614","https://openalex.org/W2904080332","https://openalex.org/W2907343324","https://openalex.org/W2908916333","https://openalex.org/W2915614814","https://openalex.org/W2927874028","https://openalex.org/W2932551630","https://openalex.org/W2953512327","https://openalex.org/W2955713074","https://openalex.org/W2967549184","https://openalex.org/W2969915343","https://openalex.org/W2973216627","https://openalex.org/W2993616186","https://openalex.org/W3010285957"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977514416","https://openalex.org/W1508801824","https://openalex.org/W3103825119","https://openalex.org/W2105026576","https://openalex.org/W2033236975","https://openalex.org/W2140280965","https://openalex.org/W2184010844","https://openalex.org/W4255002149","https://openalex.org/W2046378968","https://openalex.org/W2502536954"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,198],"new":[1],"neuroimaging":[2],"device":[3,50],"has":[4,20],"been":[5],"developed":[6,49],"to":[7,72,82,118,172],"diagnose":[8],"and":[9,28,44,106,154,183,193,226],"monitor":[10],"brain":[11,78],"disorders":[12],"using":[13,175,232],"functional":[14],"near-infrared":[15],"spectroscopy":[16],"(fNIRS).":[17],"The":[18,48,85,98,110,147,169,209,228],"system":[19,86,148],"enhanced":[21],"spatial":[22],"as":[23,25,157,159],"well":[24,158],"temporal":[26],"resolution,":[27],"it":[29],"is":[30,115],"configured":[31],"in":[32,162,206,234],"a":[33,40,53,127,165,184],"tightly":[34],"arranged":[35],"mesh,":[36],"which":[37,125],"consists":[38],"of":[39,56,104,108,113,195],"single":[41],"photodiode":[42],"(PD)":[43],"128":[45,200],"dual-wavelength":[46],"LEDs.":[47],"can":[51,149],"span":[52],"square-shaped":[54],"area":[55],"nearly":[57],"49":[58],"cm":[59,81],"<sup":[60],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[61],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[62],".":[63],"Multiple":[64],"source-detector":[65],"separations":[66],"are":[67,140],"used":[68,141,188],"that":[69,222],"enable":[70],"us":[71],"reach":[73],"multiple":[74],"depths":[75],"inside":[76],"the":[77,89,95,102,120,151,173,191,196,217,224,235],"from":[79],"2":[80],"3.5":[83],"cm.":[84],"also":[87],"provides":[88,126,223],"superficial":[90],"layer":[91],"information":[92],"by":[93],"measuring":[94],"short-separation":[96,99],"channels.":[97],"channels":[100],"allow":[101],"removal":[103],"noise":[105],"enhancement":[107],"signals.":[109],"drive":[111],"circuit":[112],"LEDs":[114],"carefully":[116],"designed":[117],"switch":[119],"light":[121],"with":[122,179],"appropriate":[123],"intensity,":[124],"stable":[128],"reception":[129],"for":[130,142,189],"each":[131],"channel.":[132],"Low-side":[133],"switching":[134],"ICs":[135],"based":[136],"on":[137,164],"MOSFET":[138],"technology":[139],"high-speed":[143],"fNIRS":[144,202],"signal":[145,214],"recording.":[146],"display":[150],"acquired":[152],"HbO":[153,225,233],"HbR":[155],"signals":[156],"activation":[160,229],"maps":[161],"real-time":[163],"lab-developed":[166],"Windows-based":[167],"software.":[168],"hardware":[170],"connects":[171],"software":[174],"Wi-Fi.":[176],"Phantom":[177],"model":[178],"known":[180],"optical":[181],"properties":[182],"human":[185,236],"subject":[186,237],"were":[187],"testing":[190],"functionality":[192],"efficacy":[194],"device.":[197],"complete":[199],"channel":[201,218],"sample":[203],"was":[204,220,230],"recorded":[205],"25":[207],"ms.":[208],"phantom":[210],"results":[211],"showed":[212],"reduced":[213],"intensity":[215],"when":[216],"separation":[219],"increased":[221],"HbR.":[227],"seen":[231],"while":[238],"performing":[239],"hand":[240],"tapping":[241],"task.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}