{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3093580688","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biorob49111.2020.9224374","title":"Methods for Measuring the Just Noticeable Difference for Variable Stimuli: Implications for Perception of Metabolic Rate with Exoskeleton Assistance","display_name":"Methods for Measuring the Just Noticeable Difference for Variable Stimuli: Implications for Perception of Metabolic Rate with Exoskeleton Assistance","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3093580688","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biorob49111.2020.9224374","mag":"3093580688"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/biorob49111.2020.9224374","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biorob49111.2020.9224374","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 8th IEEE RAS/EMBS International Conference for Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics (BioRob)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038009702","display_name":"Roberto Leo Medrano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8342-0494"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roberto L. Medrano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Robotics Institute University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","Neurobionics Lab, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Robotics Institute University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neurobionics Lab, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003716751","display_name":"Gray C. Thomas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4466-3466"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gray C. Thomas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neurobionics and Locomotor Control Systems Labs, University of Michigan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neurobionics and Locomotor Control Systems Labs, University of Michigan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075910975","display_name":"Elliott J. Rouse","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3880-1527"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elliott Rouse","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Robotics Institute University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","Neurobionics Lab, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Robotics Institute University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neurobionics Lab, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.61,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64636144,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"483","last_page":"490"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10114","display_name":"Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention","score":0.9589999914169312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6211001873016357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/just-noticeable-difference","display_name":"Just-noticeable difference","score":0.5843809843063354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.5539777874946594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.5273557305335999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5232487916946411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulus","display_name":"Stimulus (psychology)","score":0.4483085870742798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.437059611082077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sigmoid-function","display_name":"Sigmoid function","score":0.4146222174167633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.27387624979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.26601749658584595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.17187529802322388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.12419775128364563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.07806643843650818}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6211001873016357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59111918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1224386","display_name":"Just-noticeable difference","level":2,"score":0.5843809843063354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.5539777874946594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.5273557305335999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5232487916946411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779918689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3771842","display_name":"Stimulus (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4483085870742798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.437059611082077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81388566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q526668","display_name":"Sigmoid function","level":3,"score":0.4146222174167633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.27387624979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.26601749658584595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.17187529802322388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.12419775128364563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.07806643843650818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/biorob49111.2020.9224374","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biorob49111.2020.9224374","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 8th IEEE RAS/EMBS International Conference for Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics (BioRob)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.44999998807907104}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W589664387","https://openalex.org/W1826404855","https://openalex.org/W1864504421","https://openalex.org/W1974860030","https://openalex.org/W1980321760","https://openalex.org/W1986111006","https://openalex.org/W1991235214","https://openalex.org/W1995020072","https://openalex.org/W2000972397","https://openalex.org/W2010110013","https://openalex.org/W2035912487","https://openalex.org/W2058074226","https://openalex.org/W2067524377","https://openalex.org/W2100792856","https://openalex.org/W2106100751","https://openalex.org/W2114313344","https://openalex.org/W2166176857","https://openalex.org/W2170199070","https://openalex.org/W2236853351","https://openalex.org/W2330078258","https://openalex.org/W2548160749","https://openalex.org/W2553366999","https://openalex.org/W2598478396","https://openalex.org/W2604124344","https://openalex.org/W2609988131","https://openalex.org/W2700163520","https://openalex.org/W2788331089","https://openalex.org/W2802221749","https://openalex.org/W2897514239","https://openalex.org/W2900219638","https://openalex.org/W2907554230","https://openalex.org/W2913705587","https://openalex.org/W2953915543"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385957115","https://openalex.org/W2061372042","https://openalex.org/W3047779762","https://openalex.org/W1520030019","https://openalex.org/W2071654592","https://openalex.org/W3104477175","https://openalex.org/W2088157920","https://openalex.org/W1972543873","https://openalex.org/W2793060613","https://openalex.org/W2015305220"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"reduction":[0],"of":[1,12,40,62,89,140,145],"metabolic":[2,24,41,143],"rate":[3,42,144],"has":[4],"become":[5],"a":[6,34,77,82,90,122],"pillar":[7],"for":[8,14,56,81,108,125],"quantifying":[9],"the":[10,38,87,129,135],"success":[11],"exoskeletons":[13],"performance":[15],"augmentation,":[16],"but":[17],"how":[18],"well":[19],"can":[20],"humans":[21],"perceive":[22],"these":[23],"benefits?":[25],"Measuring":[26],"human":[27],"perceptual":[28],"ability":[29],"in":[30],"this":[31,48],"context":[32],"presents":[33],"unique":[35],"challenge,":[36],"since":[37],"stimulus":[39],"is":[43],"not":[44],"directly":[45],"controllable.":[46],"In":[47],"paper":[49],"we":[50,98],"introduce":[51],"and":[52,68],"compare":[53],"two":[54],"methods":[55,73],"addressing":[57],"indirect":[58],"stimuli:":[59],"conventional":[60,102],"method":[61],"constant":[63,91],"stimuli":[64],"(MOCS)":[65],"with":[66,104],"binning,":[67],"single":[69,113,130],"presentation":[70,114,131],"(SP).":[71],"Both":[72],"are":[74,116],"based":[75],"on":[76],"maximum":[78],"likelihood":[79],"estimation":[80],"sigmoidal":[83],"psychometric":[84],"curve,":[85],"under":[86],"assumption":[88],"Weber":[92],"fraction.":[93],"Using":[94],"Monte":[95],"Carlo":[96],"simulations,":[97],"conclude":[99],"that":[100],"while":[101],"MOCS":[103],"binning":[105],"performs":[106],"better":[107,117],"low":[109],"actuation":[110],"noise":[111],"levels,":[112],"strategies":[115],"otherwise.":[118],"We":[119],"additionally":[120],"present":[121],"pilot":[123],"result":[124],"one":[126],"subject":[127],"using":[128],"strategy,":[132],"which":[133],"quantified":[134],"Just":[136],"Noticeable":[137],"Difference":[138],"(JND)":[139],"changes":[141],"to":[142],"25.2":[146],"\u00b123.2%.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}