{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3093636357","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biorob49111.2020.9224271","title":"Towards Automated Emotion Classification of Atypically and Typically Developing Infants","display_name":"Towards Automated Emotion Classification of Atypically and Typically Developing Infants","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3093636357","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biorob49111.2020.9224271","mag":"3093636357","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33959406"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/biorob49111.2020.9224271","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biorob49111.2020.9224271","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 8th IEEE RAS/EMBS International Conference for Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics (BioRob)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8099034","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055016706","display_name":"Sofiya Lysenko","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sofiya Lysenko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sofiya Lysenko is a research assistant working in Rehabilitation Robotics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA","research assistant working in Rehabilitation Robotics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sofiya Lysenko is a research assistant working in Rehabilitation Robotics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"research assistant working in Rehabilitation Robotics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085820652","display_name":"Nidhi Seethapathi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5159-9717"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1335321130","display_name":"Children's Hospital of Philadelphia","ror":"https://ror.org/01z7r7q48","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1335321130"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nidhi Seethapathi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laura Prosser, PhD, PTR is a Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania and a physical therapist, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia","Bioengineering, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laura Prosser, PhD, PTR is a Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania and a physical therapist, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1335321130"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bioengineering, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079096406","display_name":"Laura A. Prosser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8427-3051"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1335321130","display_name":"Children's Hospital of Philadelphia","ror":"https://ror.org/01z7r7q48","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1335321130"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura Prosser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Konrad Kording is a Professor of Bioengineering and Neuroscience at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA","The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania and a physical therapist, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Konrad Kording is a Professor of Bioengineering and Neuroscience at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania and a physical therapist, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1335321130","https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072047827","display_name":"Konrad P. K\u00f6rding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8408-4499"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1335321130","display_name":"Children's Hospital of Philadelphia","ror":"https://ror.org/01z7r7q48","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1335321130"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konrad Kording","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laura Prosser, PhD, PTR is a Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania and a physical therapist, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia","Bioengineering and Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laura Prosser, PhD, PTR is a Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania and a physical therapist, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1335321130"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bioengineering and Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089357312","display_name":"Michelle J. Johnson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7964-0304"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1335321130","display_name":"Children's Hospital of Philadelphia","ror":"https://ror.org/01z7r7q48","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1335321130"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michelle J Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Konrad Kording is a Professor of Bioengineering and Neuroscience at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA","Laura Prosser, PhD, PTR is a Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania and a physical therapist, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia","Nidhi Seethapathi, PhD is a post-doctoral fellow in Bioengineering at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA","Sofiya Lysenko is a research assistant working in Rehabilitation Robotics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA","The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania and a physical therapist, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia","Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA","Bioengineering and Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA","She directs the Rehabilitation Robotics Lab (GRASP LAB affiliated)","Bioengineering, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA","research assistant working in Rehabilitation Robotics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Konrad Kording is a Professor of Bioengineering and Neuroscience at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laura Prosser, PhD, PTR is a Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania and a physical therapist, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1335321130"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nidhi Seethapathi, PhD is a post-doctoral fellow in Bioengineering at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sofiya Lysenko is a research assistant working in Rehabilitation Robotics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania and a physical therapist, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1335321130","https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bioengineering and Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"She directs the Rehabilitation Robotics Lab (GRASP LAB affiliated)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bioengineering, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"research assistant working in Rehabilitation Robotics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3094,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82946382,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2020","issue":null,"first_page":"503","last_page":"508"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11184","display_name":"Neonatal and fetal brain pathology","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11184","display_name":"Neonatal and fetal brain pathology","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13289","display_name":"Infant Health and Development","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3611","display_name":"Pharmacy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11060","display_name":"Infant Development and Preterm Care","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cerebral-palsy","display_name":"Cerebral palsy","score":0.6963865756988525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recurrent-neural-network","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","score":0.5303314924240112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5226123929023743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.49828052520751953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4970088303089142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/typically-developing","display_name":"Typically developing","score":0.41884875297546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/movement","display_name":"Movement (music)","score":0.41535916924476624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4007750153541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.39457839727401733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.38268429040908813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.36067506670951843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developmental-psychology","display_name":"Developmental psychology","score":0.3352307677268982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.3347519040107727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.17655688524246216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.16506510972976685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autism","display_name":"Autism","score":0.12883052229881287}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779421357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210427","display_name":"Cerebral palsy","level":2,"score":0.6963865756988525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147168706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457734","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","level":3,"score":0.5303314924240112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5226123929023743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.49828052520751953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4970088303089142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020552372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1079090","display_name":"Typically developing","level":3,"score":0.41884875297546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929848","display_name":"Movement (music)","level":2,"score":0.41535916924476624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4007750153541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.39457839727401733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.38268429040908813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.36067506670951843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.3352307677268982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.3347519040107727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.17655688524246216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.16506510972976685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205778803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38404","display_name":"Autism","level":2,"score":0.12883052229881287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/biorob49111.2020.9224271","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biorob49111.2020.9224271","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 8th IEEE RAS/EMBS International Conference for Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics (BioRob)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:33959406","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33959406","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the ... IEEE/RAS-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics. IEEE/RAS-EMBS International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8099034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8099034","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proc IEEE RAS EMBS Int Conf Biomed Robot Biomechatron","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8099034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8099034","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proc IEEE RAS EMBS Int Conf Biomed Robot Biomechatron","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.4399999976158142}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1491180409","https://openalex.org/W2087042779","https://openalex.org/W2098460626","https://openalex.org/W2165857685","https://openalex.org/W2588537361","https://openalex.org/W2742889455","https://openalex.org/W2744909235","https://openalex.org/W2767103364","https://openalex.org/W2801757790","https://openalex.org/W2949833607","https://openalex.org/W2963363102","https://openalex.org/W3013640622","https://openalex.org/W3092568898","https://openalex.org/W4297736515","https://openalex.org/W6661087397","https://openalex.org/W6767683707"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1666086067","https://openalex.org/W4205701643","https://openalex.org/W2125580534","https://openalex.org/W4298287631","https://openalex.org/W2953061907","https://openalex.org/W2068774066","https://openalex.org/W1972601233","https://openalex.org/W1997069184","https://openalex.org/W2956651150","https://openalex.org/W2035010395"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"World":[1],"Health":[2],"Organization":[3],"estimates":[4],"that":[5,87,106],"15":[6],"million":[7],"infants":[8,21],"are":[9,111,150],"born":[10],"preterm":[11],"every":[12],"year":[13],"[1].":[14],"This":[15],"is":[16,45],"of":[17,26,57,154],"concern":[18],"because":[19],"these":[20],"have":[22,70],"a":[23,81,99],"significant":[24],"chance":[25],"having":[27],"neuromotor":[28],"or":[29,37],"cognitive":[30],"developmental":[31,39],"delays":[32],"due":[33],"to":[34,46,72,126,144],"cerebral":[35,163],"palsy":[36],"other":[38],"issues":[40],"[2].":[41],"Our":[42,103],"long-term":[43],"goal":[44],"determine":[47,145],"the":[48,55,114,118,127],"roles":[49],"emotion":[50,67,96,147],"and":[51,75,90,117,148,152],"movement":[52,138,149],"play":[53],"in":[54,134,159],"diagnosis":[56],"atypical":[58],"infants.":[59,78],"In":[60],"this":[61],"paper,":[62],"we":[63],"examine":[64],"how":[65],"automated":[66],"assessment":[68],"may":[69],"potential":[71],"classify":[73],"typically":[74],"atypically":[76],"developing":[77],"We":[79],"compare":[80],"custom":[82,119],"supervised":[83],"machine":[84],"learning":[85],"algorithm":[86,120],"utilizes":[88],"individual":[89],"grouped":[91],"facial":[92],"features":[93,110],"for":[94,113],"infant":[95,137],"classification":[97],"with":[98,122,136],"state-of-the-art":[100],"neural":[101,128],"network.":[102,129],"results":[104],"show":[105],"only":[107],"three":[108],"concavity":[109,115],"needed":[112],"algorithm,":[116],"performed":[121],"relatively":[123],"similar":[124],"performance":[125],"Automatic":[130],"sentiment":[131],"labels":[132],"used":[133],"tandem":[135],"kinematics":[139],"would":[140],"be":[141],"further":[142],"investigated":[143],"if":[146],"interdependent":[151],"predictive":[153],"an":[155],"infant's":[156],"neurodevelopmental":[157],"delay":[158],"disorders":[160],"such":[161],"as":[162],"palsy.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
