{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2883358187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biorob.2018.8487941","title":"Mechanomyography Based Closed-Loop Functional Electrical Stimulation Cycling System","display_name":"Mechanomyography Based Closed-Loop Functional Electrical Stimulation Cycling System","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2883358187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biorob.2018.8487941","mag":"2883358187"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/biorob.2018.8487941","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biorob.2018.8487941","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 7th IEEE International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics (Biorob)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028619762","display_name":"Billy Woods","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2667-5244"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Billy Woods","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Bioengineering & Dept. of Computing, Brain & Behaviour Lab, South Kensington, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Bioengineering & Dept. of Computing, Brain & Behaviour Lab, South Kensington, UK","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054926441","display_name":"Mahendran Subramanian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2447-8693"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahendran Subramanian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Bioengineering & Dept. of Computing, Brain & Behaviour Lab, South Kensington, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Bioengineering & Dept. of Computing, Brain & Behaviour Lab, South Kensington, UK","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059055289","display_name":"Ali Shafti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7459-820X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Shafti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Bioengineering & Dept. of Computing, Brain & Behaviour Lab, South Kensington, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Bioengineering & Dept. of Computing, Brain & Behaviour Lab, South Kensington, UK","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060700722","display_name":"A. Aldo Faisal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0813-7207"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Aldo Faisal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Bioengineering & Dept. of Computing, Brain & Behaviour Lab, South Kensington, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Bioengineering & Dept. of Computing, Brain & Behaviour Lab, South Kensington, UK","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028619762"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1114,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.45212854,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"179","last_page":"184"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-electrical-stimulation","display_name":"Functional electrical stimulation","score":0.9127365350723267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5657169818878174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulation","display_name":"Stimulation","score":0.5010113716125488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.4513425827026367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-muscle-stimulation","display_name":"Electrical muscle stimulation","score":0.4411777853965759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.34539610147476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.10388284921646118}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777766275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1327643","display_name":"Functional electrical stimulation","level":3,"score":0.9127365350723267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5657169818878174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.5010113716125488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.4513425827026367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776889139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q653580","display_name":"Electrical muscle stimulation","level":3,"score":0.4411777853965759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.34539610147476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.10388284921646118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/biorob.2018.8487941","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biorob.2018.8487941","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 7th IEEE International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics (Biorob)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:spiral.imperial.ac.uk:10044/1/67098","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/67098","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401396","display_name":"Spiral (Imperial College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","host_organization_name":"Imperial College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"7th IEEE International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics (Biorob)","raw_type":"Conference Paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6383962414","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1979819","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1527054200","https://openalex.org/W1977435646","https://openalex.org/W1981547114","https://openalex.org/W1982175252","https://openalex.org/W1991662551","https://openalex.org/W1998276201","https://openalex.org/W1998446259","https://openalex.org/W2016849653","https://openalex.org/W2022482873","https://openalex.org/W2033335157","https://openalex.org/W2061961758","https://openalex.org/W2067099432","https://openalex.org/W2083856086","https://openalex.org/W2124977551","https://openalex.org/W2261575050","https://openalex.org/W2268210938","https://openalex.org/W2283952362","https://openalex.org/W2433729433","https://openalex.org/W2741333143","https://openalex.org/W2773869892","https://openalex.org/W6746300508","https://openalex.org/W7074057920"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2982357780","https://openalex.org/W23788070","https://openalex.org/W849725968","https://openalex.org/W2410602535","https://openalex.org/W2091265495","https://openalex.org/W2667008880","https://openalex.org/W2992241897","https://openalex.org/W2911312129","https://openalex.org/W4253340915","https://openalex.org/W4283821630"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Functional":[0],"Electrical":[1],"Stimulation":[2],"(FES)":[3],"systems":[4],"are":[5,19],"successful":[6],"in":[7,41,110,200,224],"restoring":[8],"motor":[9],"function":[10],"and":[11,36,44,60,135,137,163,170,231,246],"supporting":[12],"paralyzed":[13],"users.":[14],"Commercially":[15],"available":[16],"FES":[17,68,95,121,197,213],"products":[18],"open":[20],"loop,":[21],"meaning":[22],"that":[23,128,181],"the":[24,34,56,148,166,183,186,190,229,233],"system":[25],"is":[26,49,52],"unable":[27],"to":[28,30,54,76,89,101,104,131,143,147,188,219,221],"adapt":[29],"changing":[31],"conditions":[32],"with":[33,80,96,124,141,176],"user":[35,167,230],"their":[37],"muscles":[38],"which":[39,72],"results":[40],"muscle":[42,63,78,106],"fatigue":[43],"poor":[45],"stimulation":[46,59,109,179,234],"protocols.":[47],"This":[48,202],"because":[50],"it":[51,74],"difficult":[53],"close":[55],"loop":[57],"between":[58],"monitoring":[61],"of":[62,192,237],"contraction":[64],"using":[65,150,158,168],"adaptive":[66,133],"stimulation.":[67],"causes":[69],"electrical":[70],"artefacts":[71],"make":[73],"challenging":[75],"monitor":[77,105],"contractions":[79],"traditional":[81],"methods":[82],"such":[83],"as":[84,208],"electromyography":[85],"(EMG).":[86],"We":[87,173],"look":[88],"overcome":[90],"this":[91,140,175,242],"limitation":[92],"by":[93],"combining":[94],"novel":[97],"mechanomyographic":[98],"(MMG)":[99],"sensors":[100,142,187],"be":[102],"able":[103],"activity":[107],"during":[108],"real":[111],"time.":[112],"To":[113],"provide":[114],"a":[115,125,159,171,177,193,209,222],"meaningful":[116],"task":[117],"we":[118],"built":[119],"an":[120],"cycling":[122],"rig":[123,205],"software":[126],"interface":[127],"enabled":[129],"us":[130],"perform":[132],"recording":[134],"stimulation,":[136],"then":[138,247],"combine":[139],"record":[144],"forces":[145],"applied":[146],"pedals":[149],"force":[151],"sensitive":[152],"resistors":[153],"(FSRs);":[154],"crank":[155],"angle":[156],"position":[157],"magnetic":[160],"incremental":[161],"encoder":[162],"inputs":[164,184],"from":[165,185,228],"switches":[169],"potentiometer.":[172],"illustrated":[174],"closed-loop":[178],"algorithm":[180,216],"used":[182,207],"control":[189],"output":[191],"programmable":[194],"RehaStim":[195],"1":[196],"stimulator":[198],"(Hasomed)":[199],"real-time.":[201],"recumbent":[203],"bicycle":[204],"was":[206,217,244],"testing":[210],"platform":[211],"for":[212],"cycling.":[214],"The":[215],"designed":[218],"respond":[220],"change":[223,232],"requested":[225],"speed":[226,243],"(RPM)":[227],"power":[235],"(%":[236],"maximum":[238],"current":[239],"mA)":[240],"until":[241],"achieved":[245],"maintain":[248],"it.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-14T06:09:40.864956","created_date":"2018-08-03T00:00:00"}
