{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2896747109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biorob.2018.8487221","title":"Quantifying Human Autonomy Recovery During Ankle Robot-Assisted Reversal of Foot Drop After Stroke","display_name":"Quantifying Human Autonomy Recovery During Ankle Robot-Assisted Reversal of Foot Drop After Stroke","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2896747109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biorob.2018.8487221","mag":"2896747109"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/biorob.2018.8487221","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biorob.2018.8487221","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 7th IEEE International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics (Biorob)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101745386","display_name":"Anindo Roy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2393-1268"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126744593","display_name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore","ror":"https://ror.org/04rq5mt64","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126744593"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anindo Roy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Neurology, The University of Maryland Baltimore (UMB), Baltimore, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Neurology, The University of Maryland Baltimore (UMB), Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126744593"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077537430","display_name":"Christopher Chornay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6115-2882"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140381","display_name":"Baltimore VA Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/036a0e562","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210111569","https://openalex.org/I4210140381","https://openalex.org/I4210163125"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Chornay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baltimore VAMC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baltimore VAMC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081781168","display_name":"Larry W. Forrester","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140381","display_name":"Baltimore VA Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/036a0e562","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210111569","https://openalex.org/I4210140381","https://openalex.org/I4210163125"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Larry W. Forrester","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baltimore VAMC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baltimore VAMC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054179124","display_name":"Charlene E. Hafer\u2010Macko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3937-7668"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140381","display_name":"Baltimore VA Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/036a0e562","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I4210111569","https://openalex.org/I4210140381","https://openalex.org/I4210163125"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charlene E. Hafer-Macko","raw_affiliation_strings":["UMB Dept. of Neurology, The Baltimore VAMC, Baltimore, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UMB Dept. of Neurology, The Baltimore VAMC, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140381"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108215625","display_name":"Richard F. Macko","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126744593","display_name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore","ror":"https://ror.org/04rq5mt64","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126744593"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6059380","display_name":"University of Baltimore","ror":"https://ror.org/024gw2733","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6059380"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard F. Macko","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6059380","https://openalex.org/I126744593"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16257348,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"362","issue":null,"first_page":"523","last_page":"530"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11097","display_name":"Cerebral Palsy and Movement Disorders","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11274","display_name":"Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ankle","display_name":"Ankle","score":0.7780499458312988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.7311543226242065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.5397340655326843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stroke","display_name":"Stroke (engine)","score":0.4719226360321045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gait","display_name":"Gait","score":0.458435595035553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treadmill","display_name":"Treadmill","score":0.4576526880264282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4532108008861542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foot-drop","display_name":"Foot drop","score":0.4336888790130615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-therapy","display_name":"Physical therapy","score":0.3964845538139343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.33828139305114746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.24039876461029053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15987536311149597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgery","display_name":"Surgery","score":0.0917462706565857}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778640784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168002","display_name":"Ankle","level":2,"score":0.7780499458312988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.7311543226242065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.5397340655326843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780645631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671554","display_name":"Stroke (engine)","level":2,"score":0.4719226360321045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151800584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370000","display_name":"Gait","level":2,"score":0.458435595035553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781464450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839144","display_name":"Treadmill","level":2,"score":0.4576526880264282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4532108008861542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780748539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1942814","display_name":"Foot drop","level":2,"score":0.4336888790130615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.3964845538139343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.33828139305114746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.24039876461029053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15987536311149597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.0917462706565857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/biorob.2018.8487221","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biorob.2018.8487221","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 7th IEEE International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics (Biorob)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1499536099","https://openalex.org/W1967377907","https://openalex.org/W1976912497","https://openalex.org/W1982773162","https://openalex.org/W1998681803","https://openalex.org/W1999881894","https://openalex.org/W2000334786","https://openalex.org/W2001459300","https://openalex.org/W2008829139","https://openalex.org/W2017239762","https://openalex.org/W2020172310","https://openalex.org/W2027814190","https://openalex.org/W2029715266","https://openalex.org/W2034579881","https://openalex.org/W2089664255","https://openalex.org/W2093459644","https://openalex.org/W2098910676","https://openalex.org/W2101133535","https://openalex.org/W2101287692","https://openalex.org/W2101892505","https://openalex.org/W2119985669","https://openalex.org/W2121039301","https://openalex.org/W2128614279","https://openalex.org/W2160922433","https://openalex.org/W2163801252","https://openalex.org/W2303639367","https://openalex.org/W2410135354","https://openalex.org/W2413303332","https://openalex.org/W2507338872","https://openalex.org/W2737156933","https://openalex.org/W6629732820","https://openalex.org/W6659014820"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2467035808","https://openalex.org/W4310794807","https://openalex.org/W2248222964","https://openalex.org/W2517311002","https://openalex.org/W2064417544","https://openalex.org/W3026262438","https://openalex.org/W2947640409","https://openalex.org/W4210601529","https://openalex.org/W3123089786","https://openalex.org/W2799341654"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,28],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,69,89],"present":[4],"a":[5,76,134],"measure":[6,30],"to":[7,20,110,127,136],"quantify":[8],"the":[9,32,35,47,66,91,105,108,129,138],"profile":[10],"of":[11,34,94,107,140],"human":[12,36,99],"autonomy":[13,100],"recovery":[14],"during":[15,40],"ankle":[16,37,67,86,95,116],"robot-assisted":[17],"locomotor":[18],"training":[19],"reverse":[21],"foot":[22],"drop":[23],"after":[24],"hemiparetic":[25],"stroke.":[26],"Underlying":[27],"kinetic-based":[29],"is":[31],"estimation":[33],"torque":[38],"contribution":[39],"dynamic":[41],"(step-by-step)":[42],"patient-robot":[43],"interaction,":[44],"by":[45],"measuring":[46],"device":[48],"peak":[49],"torques":[50],"that":[51],"meet":[52],"desired":[53],"design":[54],"criteria":[55],"across":[56],"gait":[57,121],"cycles.":[58],"As":[59],"with":[60,65,84],"our":[61],"previous":[62],"clinical":[63],"trials":[64],"robot,":[68],"employ":[70],"an":[71],"adaptive":[72],"control":[73],"approach":[74],"for":[75,143],"six-week":[77],"treadmill":[78],"intervention":[79],"in":[80,98,113,151],"chronic":[81],"stroke":[82],"patients":[83],"well-defined":[85],"deficits.":[87],"Here,":[88],"provide":[90],"first":[92],"evidence":[93],"robot-mediated":[96],"changes":[97,112],"index":[101],"(HAl)":[102],"and":[103,118],"assess":[104],"worthiness":[106],"HAI":[109],"predict":[111],"key":[114],"volitional":[115],"neuromotor":[117],"whole-body":[119],"functional":[120],"outcomes.":[122],"We":[123],"also":[124],"propose":[125],"ways":[126],"incorporate":[128],"HAl":[130],"into":[131],"practice,":[132],"including":[133],"model":[135],"customize":[137],"duration":[139],"robotic":[141],"therapy":[142],"each":[144],"patient":[145],"based":[146],"on":[147],"minimally":[148],"acceptable":[149],"improvements":[150],"outcome":[152],"measures.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}