{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2079041861","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biorob.2014.6913824","title":"Design of a modular add-on compliant actuator to convert an orthosis into an assistive exoskeleton","display_name":"Design of a modular add-on compliant actuator to convert an orthosis into an assistive exoskeleton","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2079041861","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biorob.2014.6913824","mag":"2079041861"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/biorob.2014.6913824","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biorob.2014.6913824","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"5th IEEE RAS/EMBS International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091888794","display_name":"Branko Brackx","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Branko Brackx","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium","Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085716830","display_name":"Joost Geeroms","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6341-7925"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joost Geeroms","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium","Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014968798","display_name":"Jonas Vantilt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9539-6236"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonas Vantilt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium","Department of Mechanical Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300 B, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300 B, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081728582","display_name":"Victor Grosu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3386-0811"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victor Grosu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium","Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074312422","display_name":"Karen Junius","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2502-1214"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karen Junius","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium","Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005334816","display_name":"Heidi Cuypers","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heidi Cuypers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium","Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010914606","display_name":"Bram Vanderborght","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4881-9341"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bram Vanderborght","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium","Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064738584","display_name":"Dirk Lefeber","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4442-4473"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dirk Lefeber","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium","Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091888794"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9236,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8544749,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"485","last_page":"490"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11023","display_name":"Prosthetics and Rehabilitation Robotics","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":0.9538999795913696,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exoskeleton","display_name":"Exoskeleton","score":0.9431653022766113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.7829850912094116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/actuator","display_name":"Actuator","score":0.7199082970619202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque","display_name":"Torque","score":0.5492798686027527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.4786223769187927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4627874195575714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthotics","display_name":"Orthotics","score":0.4528924822807312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.39705154299736023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.35631081461906433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.12804684042930603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.10640507936477661}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146549078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191944","display_name":"Exoskeleton","level":2,"score":0.9431653022766113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.7829850912094116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.7199082970619202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.5492798686027527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4786223769187927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4627874195575714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776462017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59744853","display_name":"Orthotics","level":2,"score":0.4528924822807312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.39705154299736023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.35631081461906433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.12804684042930603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.10640507936477661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/biorob.2014.6913824","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biorob.2014.6913824","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"5th IEEE RAS/EMBS International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lirias2repo.kuleuven.be:123456789/464876","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/bitstream/123456789/464876/1/paper_biorob_2014_compliant_actuator.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401954","display_name":"Lirias (KU Leuven)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","host_organization_name":"KU Leuven","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE RAS & EMBS International Conference on Biomedical Robotics and Biomechatronics, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil, 12-15 August 2014","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:vubissmart:VUBISSMART:2000:220193","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402573","display_name":"VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:vubissmart:VUBISSMART:2000:87693","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://biblio.vub.ac.be/vubir/design-of-a-modular-addon-compliant-actuator-to-convert-an-orthosis-into-an-assistive-exoskeleton(7a77cbbc-95ca-424b-85f7-4c72efe9ba81).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402573","display_name":"VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3197589","https://openalex.org/W115447120","https://openalex.org/W1565928583","https://openalex.org/W1964064577","https://openalex.org/W1965852706","https://openalex.org/W1967377907","https://openalex.org/W1975175976","https://openalex.org/W1978023077","https://openalex.org/W1979755025","https://openalex.org/W2002236127","https://openalex.org/W2002401895","https://openalex.org/W2006355360","https://openalex.org/W2032994713","https://openalex.org/W2049363260","https://openalex.org/W2053592319","https://openalex.org/W2060281402","https://openalex.org/W2071894644","https://openalex.org/W2073136132","https://openalex.org/W2081590984","https://openalex.org/W2085730950","https://openalex.org/W2090886982","https://openalex.org/W2128137193","https://openalex.org/W2138300314","https://openalex.org/W2153918512","https://openalex.org/W2163208146","https://openalex.org/W2166869394","https://openalex.org/W2169100281","https://openalex.org/W2224859784","https://openalex.org/W2799211309"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W650135019","https://openalex.org/W2901258812","https://openalex.org/W2887985348","https://openalex.org/W2401700601","https://openalex.org/W2570835373","https://openalex.org/W4213045518","https://openalex.org/W3205655234","https://openalex.org/W2909939948","https://openalex.org/W2906683640","https://openalex.org/W3101820272"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"an":[1,12],"ageing":[2],"population":[3],"many":[4],"people":[5],"with":[6],"muscle":[7],"weakness":[8],"may":[9],"benefit":[10],"from":[11],"assisting":[13,107],"exoskeleton":[14],"to":[15,70],"improve":[16],"their":[17],"mobility.":[18],"Recent":[19],"developments":[20],"in":[21,44,79],"research":[22],"labs":[23],"around":[24],"the":[25,68,95,111],"world":[26],"are":[27,116],"often":[28],"complex,":[29],"not":[30],"modular":[31,39],"and":[32,74,100,110,118],"expensive.":[33],"This":[34],"paper":[35],"introduces":[36],"a":[37,51,91],"novel":[38],"compliant":[40,54],"actuator":[41,55],"for":[42],"use":[43],"assistive":[45],"lower":[46],"limb":[47],"exoskeletons.":[48],"It":[49,66],"is":[50,88],"low-cost,":[52],"light-weight,":[53],"unit":[56],"that":[57],"can":[58],"be":[59],"easily":[60],"mounted":[61],"on":[62,94],"commercially":[63],"available":[64],"orthoses.":[65],"has":[67],"versatility":[69],"assist":[71],"hip-,":[72],"knee-":[73],"ankle":[75],"flexion/extension":[76],"individually":[77],"and/or":[78],"sit-to-stance":[80],"or":[81],"walking":[82],"activities.":[83],"An":[84],"adjustable":[85],"passive":[86],"compliance":[87,115],"achieved":[89],"by":[90],"design":[92],"based":[93],"MACCEPA":[96],"(Mechanically":[97],"Adjustable":[98],"Compliance":[99],"Controllable":[101],"Equilibrium":[102],"Position":[103],"Actuator)":[104],"principle.":[105],"The":[106],"output":[108],"torque":[109],"rendered":[112],"range":[113],"of":[114],"simulated":[117],"experimentally":[119],"demonstrated.":[120]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}