{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2083444533","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bioms.2012.6345776","title":"EGA — Ethnicity, gender and age, a pre-annotated face database","display_name":"EGA — Ethnicity, gender and age, a pre-annotated face database","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2083444533","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bioms.2012.6345776","mag":"2083444533"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/bioms.2012.6345776","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bioms.2012.6345776","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE Workshop on Biometric Measurements and Systems for Security and Medical Applications (BIOMS) Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026226784","display_name":"Daniel Riccio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5844-0602"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131729948","display_name":"University of Salerno","ror":"https://ror.org/0192m2k53","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Riccio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biometric and Image Processing Laboratory, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy","Biometric and Image Processing Lab, University of Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, 84084, Fisciano, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biometric and Image Processing Laboratory, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biometric and Image Processing Lab, University of Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, 84084, Fisciano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111393357","display_name":"Genny Tortora","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131729948","display_name":"University of Salerno","ror":"https://ror.org/0192m2k53","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Genny Tortora","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biometric and Image Processing Laboratory, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy","Biometric and Image Processing Lab, University of Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, 84084, Fisciano, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biometric and Image Processing Laboratory, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biometric and Image Processing Lab, University of Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, 84084, Fisciano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055512639","display_name":"Maria De Marsico","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1391-8502"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria De Marsico","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy","Sapienza University of Rome, via Salaria 113, 00198 Rome, Italy#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sapienza University of Rome, via Salaria 113, 00198 Rome, Italy#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058156010","display_name":"Harry Wechsler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5454-8819"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162714631","display_name":"George Mason University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jqj7156","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harry Wechsler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA","Department of Computer Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22032, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22032, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162714631"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026226784"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4709,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90557166,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/categorization","display_name":"Categorization","score":0.9099066257476807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethnic-group","display_name":"Ethnic group","score":0.7029728889465332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.6479629278182983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6253992319107056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.6191632151603699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.6099646091461182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.5847684144973755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5376905202865601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.5031716227531433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.45989754796028137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.39302802085876465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.2694706916809082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94124525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912550","display_name":"Categorization","level":2,"score":0.9099066257476807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.7029728889465332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.6479629278182983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6253992319107056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6191632151603699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.6099646091461182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.5847684144973755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5376905202865601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.5031716227531433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45989754796028137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.39302802085876465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.2694706916809082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/bioms.2012.6345776","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/bioms.2012.6345776","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE Workshop on Biometric Measurements and Systems for Security and Medical Applications (BIOMS) Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.uniroma1.it:11573/482824","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6345776&contentType=Conference+Publications&sortType%3Dasc_p_Sequence%26filter%3DAND%28p_IS_Number%3A6345770%29","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196107","display_name":"IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.550000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1557420638","https://openalex.org/W1986898623","https://openalex.org/W1997011019","https://openalex.org/W2013106402","https://openalex.org/W2022248933","https://openalex.org/W2056987789","https://openalex.org/W2060554393","https://openalex.org/W2073085327","https://openalex.org/W2086704387","https://openalex.org/W2106115875","https://openalex.org/W2106488920","https://openalex.org/W2117784666","https://openalex.org/W2118664399","https://openalex.org/W2121924427","https://openalex.org/W2134262590","https://openalex.org/W2137659841","https://openalex.org/W2148727699","https://openalex.org/W2150446981","https://openalex.org/W2224172783","https://openalex.org/W2610639466","https://openalex.org/W4241598541","https://openalex.org/W6633292299"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2165912799","https://openalex.org/W2735662278","https://openalex.org/W2382615723","https://openalex.org/W4311804456","https://openalex.org/W1987484445","https://openalex.org/W2623658258","https://openalex.org/W1969219540","https://openalex.org/W2143413548","https://openalex.org/W2098693229","https://openalex.org/W2384651879"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Research":[0],"community":[1],"achieved":[2],"considerable":[3],"progress":[4],"in":[5,29,49,231,239,268],"face":[6,15,44,58,123],"recognition":[7,16,47,138],"over":[8],"the":[9,41,53,65,88,116,145,171,186,189,197,200,207,212,227,251,255,261],"past":[10],"years.":[11],"Despite":[12],"this,":[13],"present":[14],"systems":[17],"are":[18,71,160,180,203,221],"not":[19,161,181],"yet":[20,31],"accurate":[21],"or":[22,178],"robust":[23],"enough":[24],"to":[25,51,63,74,91,115,151,164,243],"be":[26,61,85],"fully":[27],"deployed":[28],"under-controlled":[30],"high":[32],"security":[33],"environments.":[34],"A":[35],"number":[36],"of":[37,43,188,211],"works":[38],"have":[39],"investigated":[40],"impact":[42],"categorization":[45,59,124,263],"on":[46,126],"performance,":[48],"order":[50],"assess":[52],"hypothesis":[54],"that":[55,122,173,264],"a":[56,106,193,215,245],"preliminary":[57],"can":[60,83],"used":[62,86],"contain":[64],"search":[66],"space":[67],"during":[68,103],"identification.":[69],"Categories":[70],"usually":[72],"related":[73,155],"soft-biometrics,":[75],"such":[76,130],"as":[77,131],"gender,":[78,132],"age,":[79],"ethnicity.":[80],"More":[81],"features":[82,175],"also":[84],"at":[87],"same":[89,117],"time":[90],"define":[92],"categories":[93],"(e.g.":[94,176],"gender":[95],"and":[96,134,195],"age).":[97],"The":[98],"underlying":[99],"assumption":[100],"is":[101,109,149,169,234],"that,":[102],"identification":[104],"operations,":[105],"sample":[107],"image":[108],"only":[110],"matched":[111],"with":[112],"those":[113],"pertaining":[114],"category.":[118],"Experimental":[119],"results":[120],"demonstrate":[121],"based":[125],"important":[127],"visual":[128],"characteristics":[129],"ethnicity,":[133],"age":[135,229],"generally":[136],"improve":[137],"accuracy,":[139],"while":[140],"reducing":[141],"operation":[142],"time.":[143],"On":[144],"other":[146],"hand,":[147],"it":[148,168],"difficult":[150],"appropriately":[152],"set":[153],"up":[154],"experiments,":[156],"since":[157,218],"available":[158,256],"datasets":[159,220,233],"organized":[162],"according":[163],"any":[165],"categorization.":[166],"Moreover,":[167],"often":[170,205],"case":[172],"some":[174],"ethnicity":[177,187],"gender)":[179],"uniformly":[182],"represented.":[183],"For":[184],"instance,":[185],"research":[190],"group":[191],"gathering":[192],"dataset,":[194],"therefore":[196],"location":[198],"where":[199],"enrollment":[201],"operations":[202],"performed,":[204],"influences":[206],"prevailing":[208,228],"ethnical":[209],"composition":[210],"dataset.":[213],"As":[214],"further":[216],"example,":[217],"most":[219,232,252],"gathered":[222],"by":[223],"enrolling":[224],"volunteer":[225],"students,":[226],"range":[230],"20-35.":[235],"Our":[236],"contribution":[237],"relies":[238],"an":[240],"automatic":[241],"procedure":[242],"build":[244],"larger":[246],"multi-racial":[247],"database,":[248],"starting":[249],"from":[250],"popular":[253],"among":[254],"ones,":[257],"which":[258],"automatically":[259],"reproduces":[260],"ethnicity/gender/age":[262],"we":[265],"manually":[266],"performed":[267],"our":[269],"lab.":[270]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}