{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405710040","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biocas61083.2024.10798239","title":"A High-Speed PET Readout Analog Front End Circuit Based on the Split-Integration Algorithm","display_name":"A High-Speed PET Readout Analog Front End Circuit Based on the Split-Integration Algorithm","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405710040","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biocas61083.2024.10798239"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/biocas61083.2024.10798239","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biocas61083.2024.10798239","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010234985","display_name":"Jiawen Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8007-2465"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiawen Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institude of Microelectronics, Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University,Xi&#x0027;an,China,710049"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institude of Microelectronics, Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University,Xi&#x0027;an,China,710049","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003698435","display_name":"Yiyun Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1006-1039"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiyun Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institude of Microelectronics, Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University,Xi&#x0027;an,China,710049"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institude of Microelectronics, Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University,Xi&#x0027;an,China,710049","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030746434","display_name":"Youze Xin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6682-7084"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youze Xin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institude of Microelectronics, Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University,Xi&#x0027;an,China,710049"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institude of Microelectronics, Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University,Xi&#x0027;an,China,710049","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100452660","display_name":"Han Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8042-1232"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Han Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institude of Microelectronics, Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University,Xi&#x0027;an,China,710049"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institude of Microelectronics, Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University,Xi&#x0027;an,China,710049","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102938067","display_name":"Pengfei Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5104-5898"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengfei Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institude of Microelectronics, Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University,Xi&#x0027;an,China,710049"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institude of Microelectronics, Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University,Xi&#x0027;an,China,710049","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058913766","display_name":"Xue Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9025-2556"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institude of Microelectronics, Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University,Xi&#x0027;an,China,710049"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institude of Microelectronics, Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University,Xi&#x0027;an,China,710049","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079883088","display_name":"Xin He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2248-4742"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institude of Microelectronics, Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University,Xi&#x0027;an,China,710049"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institude of Microelectronics, Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University,Xi&#x0027;an,China,710049","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sifan Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sifan Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institude of Microelectronics, Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University,Xi&#x0027;an,China,710049"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institude of Microelectronics, Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University,Xi&#x0027;an,China,710049","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048580548","display_name":"Chi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6050-6730"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institude of Microelectronics, Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University,Xi&#x0027;an,China,710049"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institude of Microelectronics, Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University,Xi&#x0027;an,China,710049","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000608574","display_name":"Congzhen Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1672-8752"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Congzhen Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institude of Microelectronics, Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University,Xi&#x0027;an,China,710049"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institude of Microelectronics, Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University,Xi&#x0027;an,China,710049","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103181353","display_name":"Li Geng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7936-6472"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Geng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institude of Microelectronics, Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University,Xi&#x0027;an,China,710049"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institude of Microelectronics, Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University,Xi&#x0027;an,China,710049","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100389674","display_name":"Bing Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0698-8473"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institude of Microelectronics, Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University,Xi&#x0027;an,China,710049"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institude of Microelectronics, Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University,Xi&#x0027;an,China,710049","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":12,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010234985"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.21535465,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9828000068664551,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9828000068664551,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.9768999814987183,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11216","display_name":"Radiation Detection and Scintillator Technologies","score":0.9682000279426575,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6061155796051025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/front-and-back-ends","display_name":"Front and back ends","score":0.5580543875694275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixed-signal-integrated-circuit","display_name":"Mixed-signal integrated circuit","score":0.5104138255119324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.43070682883262634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3388071656227112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.32535409927368164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integrated-circuit","display_name":"Integrated circuit","score":0.2972726821899414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1751684844493866}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6061155796051025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53016008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620167","display_name":"Front and back ends","level":2,"score":0.5580543875694275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62907940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1541329","display_name":"Mixed-signal integrated circuit","level":3,"score":0.5104138255119324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.43070682883262634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3388071656227112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.32535409927368164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530198007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80831","display_name":"Integrated circuit","level":2,"score":0.2972726821899414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1751684844493866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/biocas61083.2024.10798239","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biocas61083.2024.10798239","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.6800000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2112343194","https://openalex.org/W2797813005","https://openalex.org/W2807596637","https://openalex.org/W2970269319","https://openalex.org/W2972817399","https://openalex.org/W3030779614","https://openalex.org/W3036619486","https://openalex.org/W4285299927"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W2073681303","https://openalex.org/W2053286651","https://openalex.org/W2181743346","https://openalex.org/W2168365801","https://openalex.org/W1594034782","https://openalex.org/W4247940054","https://openalex.org/W2168867259","https://openalex.org/W2163294767","https://openalex.org/W2057542174"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,13,112,129,141,146,196,205],"novel":[4,97],"charge":[5],"measurement":[6,91],"approach":[7],"and,":[8],"based":[9],"on":[10],"this,":[11],"designs":[12],"high":[14,17],"speed":[15],"and":[16,74,81,151,195],"precision":[18],"analog":[19],"front":[20],"end":[21],"(AFE)":[22],"circuit":[23,84,183],"for":[24,51,61],"positron":[25],"emission":[26],"tomography":[27],"systems.":[28],"The":[29,77,96,107],"proposed":[30,78],"split-integration":[31],"algorithm":[32],"(SIA)":[33],"achieves":[34,140],"good":[35],"linearity":[36],"with":[37,128,204],"only":[38,185],"simple":[39],"processing":[40],"of":[41,68,89,104,120,132,143,148,157,165,172,180,193,199,208],"the":[42,46,49,62,66,87,101,105,135,163,175,181],"data":[43],"output":[44],"by":[45],"AFE,":[47],"eliminating":[48],"need":[50],"complex":[52],"nonlinear":[53],"calibration.":[54],"A":[55],"trans-impedance":[56],"amplifier":[57,138],"(TIA)":[58],"is":[59,109,184],"used":[60],"preamplifier":[63],"to":[64],"meet":[65],"requirements":[67],"low":[69,72,136],"input":[70,154,167],"impedance,":[71],"noise,":[73],"high-speed":[75,94],"applications.":[76,95],"peak":[79,169],"detection":[80],"hold":[82],"(PDH)":[83],"structure":[85],"overcomes":[86],"issue":[88],"deteriorated":[90],"accuracy":[92],"in":[93,111],"readout":[98,102,188],"method":[99],"enhances":[100],"efficiency":[103],"AFE.":[106],"chip":[108],"implemented":[110],"55":[113],"nm":[114],"CMOS":[115],"process,":[116],"occupying":[117],"an":[118,152,166],"area":[119],"$0.525":[121],"\\mathrm{~mm}^{2}$.":[122],"Postlayout":[123],"simulation":[124],"results":[125],"indicate":[126],"that":[127],"detector":[130],"capacitance":[131],"10":[133,173,209],"pF,":[134],"noise":[137,155],"(LNA)":[139],"gain":[142],"99.4":[144],"dB,":[145],"bandwidth":[147],"103.5":[149],"MHz,":[150],"equivalent":[153],"current":[156],"$4.16":[158],"\\mathrm{pA}":[159],"/":[160],"\\sqrt{\\mathrm{Hz}}$.":[161],"Under":[162],"condition":[164],"voltage":[168,179],"arrival":[170],"time":[171,207],"ns,":[174],"maximum":[176],"relative":[177],"error":[178,198],"PDH":[182],"1.467%.":[186],"Each":[187],"channel":[189],"dissipates":[190],"10.8":[191],"mW":[192],"power,":[194],"non-linearity":[197],"2.14%":[200],"can":[201],"be":[202],"achieved":[203],"shaping":[206],"ns.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
