{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390993435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biocas58349.2023.10389164","title":"EKGNet: A 10.96\u03bcW Fully Analog Neural Network for Intra-Patient Arrhythmia Classification","display_name":"EKGNet: A 10.96\u03bcW Fully Analog Neural Network for Intra-Patient Arrhythmia Classification","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390993435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biocas58349.2023.10389164"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/biocas58349.2023.10389164","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/biocas58349.2023.10389164","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004157893","display_name":"Benyamin Haghi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4839-7647"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Benyamin Haghi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Caltech,Electrical Engineering,Pasadena,CA,USA","Electrical Engineering, Caltech, Pasadena, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Caltech,Electrical Engineering,Pasadena,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering, Caltech, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001213278","display_name":"Lin Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Caltech,Electrical Engineering,Pasadena,CA,USA","Electrical Engineering, Caltech, Pasadena, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Caltech,Electrical Engineering,Pasadena,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering, Caltech, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036507616","display_name":"Sahin Lale","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7191-346X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sahin Lale","raw_affiliation_strings":["Caltech,Electrical Engineering,Pasadena,CA,USA","Electrical Engineering, Caltech, Pasadena, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Caltech,Electrical Engineering,Pasadena,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering, Caltech, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014498545","display_name":"Anima Anandkumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6974-6797"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anima Anandkumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Caltech,Computer Science,Pasadena,CA,USA","Computer Science, Caltech, Pasadena, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Caltech,Computer Science,Pasadena,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, Caltech, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072451102","display_name":"Azita Emami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2608-9691"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122411786","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Azita Emami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Caltech,Electrical Engineering,Pasadena,CA,USA","Electrical Engineering, Caltech, Pasadena, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Caltech,Electrical Engineering,Pasadena,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering, Caltech, Pasadena, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004157893"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122411786"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2202,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62591636,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10217","display_name":"Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias","score":0.9613000154495239,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6674404740333557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5836713314056396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.38154175877571106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3757167458534241}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6674404740333557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5836713314056396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38154175877571106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3757167458534241}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/biocas58349.2023.10389164","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/biocas58349.2023.10389164","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1757870343","https://openalex.org/W1821462560","https://openalex.org/W1998525920","https://openalex.org/W2061185532","https://openalex.org/W2080722785","https://openalex.org/W2095409369","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2136267489","https://openalex.org/W2143612262","https://openalex.org/W2162800060","https://openalex.org/W2163630896","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2738975713","https://openalex.org/W2747849569","https://openalex.org/W2748902594","https://openalex.org/W2757120799","https://openalex.org/W2798651459","https://openalex.org/W2806033632","https://openalex.org/W2899075265","https://openalex.org/W2902644322","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2951266961","https://openalex.org/W2963236897","https://openalex.org/W2963447043","https://openalex.org/W2990491261","https://openalex.org/W3081864884","https://openalex.org/W3106455851","https://openalex.org/W3131687983","https://openalex.org/W3135060602","https://openalex.org/W3176472851","https://openalex.org/W4288049494","https://openalex.org/W4301132610","https://openalex.org/W4320406025","https://openalex.org/W4366609753","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6638523607","https://openalex.org/W6674330103","https://openalex.org/W6748600614","https://openalex.org/W6764214684","https://openalex.org/W6766049777","https://openalex.org/W6766756864","https://openalex.org/W7046789411"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052","https://openalex.org/W2033914206","https://openalex.org/W2042327336"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,17],"present":[1],"an":[2,98],"integrated":[3],"approach":[4,118],"by":[5],"combining":[6],"analog":[7,24,68],"computing":[8],"and":[9,22,57,78,86,104,110,133],"deep":[10],"learning":[11],"for":[12,53,106,123],"electrocardiogram":[13],"(ECG)":[14],"arrythmia":[15,25,127],"classification.":[16],"propose":[18],"EKGNet,":[19],"a":[20,66,120],"hardware-efficient":[21],"fully":[23],"classification":[26,109,128],"architecture":[27,38],"that":[28,73],"achieves":[29],"high":[30],"accuracy":[31,132],"with":[32,130],"low":[33,125],"power":[34,126],"consumption.":[35],"The":[36,62],"proposed":[37,95],"leverages":[39],"the":[40,47,51,91,94],"energy":[41],"efficiency":[42],"of":[43,93,102],"transistors":[44],"operating":[45],"in":[46,135],"subthreshold":[48],"region,":[49],"eliminating":[50],"need":[52],"analog-to-digital":[54],"converters":[55],"(ADC)":[56],"static":[58],"random-access":[59],"memory":[60],"(SRAM).":[61],"system":[63],"design":[64],"includes":[65],"novel":[67],"sequential":[69],"Multiply-Accumulate":[70],"(MAC)":[71],"circuit":[72],"mitigates":[74],"process,":[75],"supply":[76],"voltage,":[77],"temperature":[79],"variations.":[80],"Experimental":[81],"evaluations":[82],"on":[83],"PhysionNet\u2019s":[84],"MIT-BIH":[85],"PTB":[87],"Diagnostics":[88],"datasets":[89],"demonstrate":[90],"effectiveness":[92],"method,":[96],"achieving":[97],"average":[99],"balanced":[100],"accuracies":[101],"95%":[103],"94.25%":[105],"intra-patient":[107],"arrhythmia":[108],"myocardial":[111],"infarction":[112],"(MI)":[113],"classification,":[114],"respectively.":[115],"This":[116],"innovative":[117],"presents":[119],"promising":[121],"avenue":[122],"developing":[124],"systems":[129],"enhanced":[131],"transferability":[134],"biomedical":[136],"applications.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T13:04:00.132906","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}