{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390993446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biocas58349.2023.10389016","title":"Programmable Pulse Generator for Pain Relief Stimulation using Bioresorbable Electrodes","display_name":"Programmable Pulse Generator for Pain Relief Stimulation using Bioresorbable Electrodes","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390993446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biocas58349.2023.10389016","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40688705"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/biocas58349.2023.10389016","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/biocas58349.2023.10389016","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12272556","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Kangni Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146707","display_name":"Edge Case Research (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03zrkam54","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146707"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kangni Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pittsburgh,Department of ECE","Department of ECE, University of Pittsburgh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh,Department of ECE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146707","https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of ECE, University of Pittsburgh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080989592","display_name":"Anne Gormaley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5734-6497"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145583","display_name":"Bioengineering Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04f0ydx59","country_code":"RU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035","https://openalex.org/I4210145583"]}],"countries":["RU","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anne Gormaley","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pittsburgh,Department of Bioengineering","Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh,Department of Bioengineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145583","https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089332805","display_name":"Kevin M. Woeppel","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Woeppel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vanish Therapeutics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vanish Therapeutics","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076378104","display_name":"Trent Emerick","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3802-5946"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145583","display_name":"Bioengineering Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04f0ydx59","country_code":"RU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035","https://openalex.org/I4210145583"]}],"countries":["RU","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Trent Emerick","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pittsburgh,Department of Bioengineering","Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh","Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh","Vanish Therapeutics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh,Department of Bioengineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145583","https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vanish Therapeutics","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073348428","display_name":"Xinyan Tracy Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0470-2005"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145583","display_name":"Bioengineering Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04f0ydx59","country_code":"RU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035","https://openalex.org/I4210145583"]}],"countries":["RU","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"X. Tracy Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pittsburgh,Department of Bioengineering","Vanish Therapeutics","Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh,Department of Bioengineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145583","https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vanish Therapeutics","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055741874","display_name":"Rajkumar Kubendran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3066-4898"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146707","display_name":"Edge Case Research (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03zrkam54","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146707"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajkumar Kubendran","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pittsburgh,Department of ECE","Department of ECE, University of Pittsburgh","Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh,Department of ECE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146707","https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of ECE, University of Pittsburgh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2023","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11840","display_name":"Pain Management and Treatment","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.6272542476654053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitor","display_name":"Capacitor","score":0.6211819052696228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-generator","display_name":"Pulse generator","score":0.6185349822044373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomedical-engineering","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","score":0.5978708863258362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrode","display_name":"Electrode","score":0.590279221534729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-impedance","display_name":"Electrical impedance","score":0.5715440511703491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulation","display_name":"Stimulation","score":0.5404068231582642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse","display_name":"Pulse (music)","score":0.5233087539672852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.4963751435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurostimulation","display_name":"Neurostimulation","score":0.48233911395072937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-duration","display_name":"Pulse duration","score":0.4203988313674927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3582719564437866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.35541781783103943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.30992797017097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.24745941162109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.24380046129226685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.1251409649848938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11576533317565918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6272542476654053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.6211819052696228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51319974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3509564","display_name":"Pulse generator","level":3,"score":0.6185349822044373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5978708863258362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.590279221534729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17829176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043","display_name":"Electrical impedance","level":2,"score":0.5715440511703491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.5404068231582642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780167933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550652","display_name":"Pulse (music)","level":3,"score":0.5233087539672852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.4963751435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776443511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1724687","display_name":"Neurostimulation","level":3,"score":0.48233911395072937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169150495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7259675","display_name":"Pulse duration","level":3,"score":0.4203988313674927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3582719564437866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.35541781783103943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.30992797017097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.24745941162109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.24380046129226685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.1251409649848938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11576533317565918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/biocas58349.2023.10389016","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/biocas58349.2023.10389016","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:40688705","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40688705","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference : healthcare technology : [proceedings]. IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12272556","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12272556","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Biomed Circuits Syst Conf","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:12272556","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12272556","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Biomed Circuits Syst Conf","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.7599999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1874186441","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R41 NS132625","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","ror":"https://ror.org/01s5ya894"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1527114584","https://openalex.org/W1560013893","https://openalex.org/W2026985764","https://openalex.org/W2802338496","https://openalex.org/W2884336369","https://openalex.org/W2903202242","https://openalex.org/W2906189356","https://openalex.org/W2906515500","https://openalex.org/W2909425830","https://openalex.org/W2924502791","https://openalex.org/W2927631382","https://openalex.org/W2947088850","https://openalex.org/W2982753141","https://openalex.org/W4213431888","https://openalex.org/W4226143229"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4214563745","https://openalex.org/W4256510171","https://openalex.org/W2791717398","https://openalex.org/W2944375777","https://openalex.org/W2137484429","https://openalex.org/W2117151692","https://openalex.org/W2154578515","https://openalex.org/W4311986778","https://openalex.org/W2001574449","https://openalex.org/W1973521406"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Neurostimulation":[0],"therapies":[1],"are":[2],"often":[3],"applied":[4],"as":[5],"an":[6],"alternative":[7],"method":[8],"to":[9,61,101,128,147,155],"pharmaceutical":[10],"treatment":[11],"for":[12,29,72,99,153],"chronic":[13],"pain":[14],"relief.":[15],"This":[16],"paper":[17],"demonstrates":[18],"the":[19,106],"design":[20],"and":[21,43,57,78,136],"implementation":[22],"of":[23,36,68,76,82,111,119,158],"a":[24,112],"programmable":[25],"Pulse":[26],"Generator":[27],"(PG)":[28],"analgesic":[30],"nerve":[31],"stimulation":[32,79,90,160],"with":[33,94,161],"3":[34],"modes":[35],"operation:":[37],"biphasic":[38,40,89],"asymmetric,":[39],"capacitor":[41],"coupled,":[42],"monophasic":[44],"Degradation":[45],"On":[46],"Command":[47],"(DOC).":[48],"The":[49,133],"PG":[50],"is":[51],"implemented":[52],"on":[53],"180nm":[54],"CMOS":[55],"technology":[56],"could":[58],"generate":[59],"up":[60,100,154],"\u00b1":[62],"4mA":[63],"current":[64],"pulses":[65],"in":[66,85,149],"steps":[67],"31\u03bcA":[69],"(8-bit":[70],"resolution)":[71],"pulse":[73,138],"duration":[74],"range":[75,81],"1-256\u03bcs":[77],"frequency":[80],"16Hz-250kHz.":[83],"During":[84],"vitro":[86],"studies,":[87],"capacitor-coupled":[88],"provides":[91],"electrode":[92,114],"stability":[93],"only":[95],"5\u03a9":[96],"impedance":[97,123],"change":[98],"14":[102],"million":[103],"pulses.":[104],"In":[105],"DOC":[107],"mode,":[108],"accelerated":[109],"degradation":[110],"bioresorbable":[113],"was":[115],"observed":[116],"after":[117],"24hrs":[118],"stimulation,":[120],"when":[121],"its":[122],"increased":[124],"from":[125],"about":[126],"100\u03a9":[127],"over":[129],"0.2M\u03a9":[130],"at":[131],"500Hz.":[132],"compact,":[134],"tunable":[135],"battery-powered":[137],"generator":[139],"printed":[140],"circuit":[141],"board":[142],"(PCB)":[143],"shows":[144],"promising":[145],"results":[146],"perform":[148],"vivo":[150],"animal":[151],"studies":[152],"30":[156],"hours":[157],"continuous":[159],"26.4mW":[162],"peak":[163],"power":[164],"consumption.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
