{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390993470","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biocas58349.2023.10388760","title":"NOLS: A Near-sensor On-chip Learning System with Direct Feedback Alignment for Personalized Wearable Heart Health Monitoring","display_name":"NOLS: A Near-sensor On-chip Learning System with Direct Feedback Alignment for Personalized Wearable Heart Health Monitoring","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390993470","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biocas58349.2023.10388760"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/biocas58349.2023.10388760","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biocas58349.2023.10388760","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009667181","display_name":"Fengshi Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1304-5593"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fengshi Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST),Department of ECE,Hong Kong SAR","AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart System (ACCESS), Hong Kong SAR","Department of ECE, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Hong Kong SAR"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST),Department of ECE,Hong Kong SAR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart System (ACCESS), Hong Kong SAR","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of ECE, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Hong Kong SAR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077848645","display_name":"Shiqi Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7208-7075"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133055985","display_name":"Westlake University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hfa4n20","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133055985"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiqi Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Westlake University,CenBRAIN Neurotech,Hangzhou,China","CenBRAIN Neurotech, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Westlake University,CenBRAIN Neurotech,Hangzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133055985"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CenBRAIN Neurotech, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133055985"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013025619","display_name":"Jingyu He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0370-8867"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingyu He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST),Department of ECE,Hong Kong SAR","Department of ECE, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Hong Kong SAR","AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart System (ACCESS), Hong Kong SAR"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST),Department of ECE,Hong Kong SAR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of ECE, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Hong Kong SAR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart System (ACCESS), Hong Kong SAR","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100666545","display_name":"Jinbo Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6202-9165"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133055985","display_name":"Westlake University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hfa4n20","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133055985"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinbo Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Westlake University,CenBRAIN Neurotech,Hangzhou,China","CenBRAIN Neurotech, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Westlake University,CenBRAIN Neurotech,Hangzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133055985"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CenBRAIN Neurotech, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133055985"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100423388","display_name":"Xiaomeng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1036-2764"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaomeng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST),Department of ECE,Hong Kong SAR","Department of ECE, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Hong Kong SAR","AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart System (ACCESS), Hong Kong SAR"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST),Department of ECE,Hong Kong SAR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of ECE, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Hong Kong SAR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart System (ACCESS), Hong Kong SAR","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007036605","display_name":"Jie Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4148-0042"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133055985","display_name":"Westlake University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hfa4n20","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133055985"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Westlake University,CenBRAIN Neurotech,Hangzhou,China","CenBRAIN Neurotech, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Westlake University,CenBRAIN Neurotech,Hangzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133055985"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CenBRAIN Neurotech, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133055985"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082509767","display_name":"Mohamad Sawan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4137-7272"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133055985","display_name":"Westlake University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hfa4n20","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133055985"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamad Sawan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Westlake University,CenBRAIN Neurotech,Hangzhou,China","CenBRAIN Neurotech, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Westlake University,CenBRAIN Neurotech,Hangzhou,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133055985"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CenBRAIN Neurotech, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133055985"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072596277","display_name":"Chi-Ying Tsui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8024-2637"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chi-Ying Tsui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST),Department of ECE,Hong Kong SAR","Department of ECE, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Hong Kong SAR","AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart System (ACCESS), Hong Kong SAR"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST),Department of ECE,Hong Kong SAR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of ECE, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Hong Kong SAR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart System (ACCESS), Hong Kong SAR","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077687075","display_name":"Kwang\u2010Ting Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3885-4912"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kwang-Ting Tim Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST),Department of ECE,Hong Kong SAR","AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart System (ACCESS), Hong Kong SAR","Department of ECE, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Hong Kong SAR"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST),Department of ECE,Hong Kong SAR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"AI Chip Center for Emerging Smart System (ACCESS), Hong Kong SAR","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of ECE, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Hong Kong SAR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7961111068725586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.6836092472076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.5240849852561951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.48552918434143066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lossless-compression","display_name":"Lossless compression","score":0.4849105477333069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4749075174331665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4360964000225067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.40332677960395813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3329404592514038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-compression","display_name":"Data compression","score":0.17154207825660706}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7961111068725586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.6836092472076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5240849852561951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.48552918434143066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81081738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55542","display_name":"Lossless compression","level":3,"score":0.4849105477333069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4749075174331665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4360964000225067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.40332677960395813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3329404592514038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78548338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2493","display_name":"Data compression","level":2,"score":0.17154207825660706}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/biocas58349.2023.10388760","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biocas58349.2023.10388760","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.polymtl.ca:74190","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publications.polymtl.ca/74190/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401013","display_name":"PolyPublie (\u00c9cole Polytechnique de Montr\u00e9al)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45683168","host_organization_name":"Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Communication de conf\u00e9rence"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-136760","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-136760","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9100000262260437,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2010966890","https://openalex.org/W2079640164","https://openalex.org/W2088350283","https://openalex.org/W2477175099","https://openalex.org/W2552737632","https://openalex.org/W2798690537","https://openalex.org/W2921131065","https://openalex.org/W2952620776","https://openalex.org/W2977718165","https://openalex.org/W2982195460","https://openalex.org/W2990491261","https://openalex.org/W3099544558","https://openalex.org/W3117204317","https://openalex.org/W3135060602","https://openalex.org/W3168722425","https://openalex.org/W3199569676","https://openalex.org/W4210753840","https://openalex.org/W4220741568","https://openalex.org/W4220800505","https://openalex.org/W4283371538","https://openalex.org/W4284969475","https://openalex.org/W4310895557","https://openalex.org/W4364856300","https://openalex.org/W4377971387","https://openalex.org/W4383501899","https://openalex.org/W6779856006"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3106969033","https://openalex.org/W2186939576","https://openalex.org/W2357988910","https://openalex.org/W2948148442","https://openalex.org/W2377158164","https://openalex.org/W2187600494","https://openalex.org/W2114030128","https://openalex.org/W2135707701","https://openalex.org/W2095678457","https://openalex.org/W2352493357"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Detecting":[0],"cardiac":[1,59],"arrhythmia":[2,60],"is":[3,98,121],"crucial":[4],"in":[5,34],"preventing":[6],"heart":[7],"attacks,":[8],"and":[9,50,71,76,123,128,136],"wearable":[10],"electrocardiograph":[11],"(ECG)":[12],"systems":[13],"have":[14],"been":[15],"developed":[16],"to":[17,103,131],"address":[18],"this":[19,41],"issue.":[20],"However,":[21],"the":[22,100],"typical":[23],"'first":[24],"off-chip":[25],"learning,":[26],"then":[27],"on-chip":[28,48,74,84],"processing'":[29],"strategy":[30],"poses":[31],"significant":[32],"challenges":[33],"practicality":[35],"for":[36,57],"personalized":[37],"edge":[38],"systems.":[39],"In":[40],"paper,":[42],"we":[43],"first":[44],"propose":[45],"a":[46,72,117],"near-sensor":[47,67],"learning":[49,75,85,127],"inference":[51,77,130],"system":[52,63,137],"with":[53,92],"direct":[54],"feedback":[55],"alignment":[56],"user-specific":[58],"detection.":[61],"This":[62],"features":[64],"an":[65,93],"event-driven":[66],"feature":[68],"extraction":[69],"module":[70],"hybrid":[73],"processor.":[78],"Through":[79],"system-level":[80],"co-design,":[81],"our":[82,107],"proposed":[83,122],"solution":[86],"achieves":[87],"almost":[88],"lossless":[89],"classification":[90],"performance":[91],"accuracy":[94,114],"of":[95],"98.56%,":[96],"which":[97],"among":[99],"best.":[101],"Compared":[102],"backpropagation":[104],"on":[105],"GPU,":[106],"approach":[108],"only":[109],"incurs":[110],"less":[111],"than":[112],"0.5%":[113],"loss.":[115],"Additionally,":[116],"configurable":[118],"processor":[119],"architecture":[120],"verified,":[124],"supporting":[125],"parallel":[126],"pipelined":[129],"reduce":[132],"both":[133],"energy":[134],"consumption":[135],"latency.":[138]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-18T07:39:51.176621","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
