{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200366691","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biocas49922.2021.9644973","title":"Attention State Classification with In-Ear EEG","display_name":"Attention State Classification with In-Ear EEG","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200366691","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biocas49922.2021.9644973"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/biocas49922.2021.9644973","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biocas49922.2021.9644973","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608526","display_name":"2021 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073462253","display_name":"Akshay Paul","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3434-5456"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Akshay Paul","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058997252","display_name":"Gopabandhu Hota","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gopabandhu Hota","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060490428","display_name":"Behnam Khaleghi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3655-0501"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Behnam Khaleghi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048745040","display_name":"Yuchen Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4953-8747"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuchen Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112841571","display_name":"Tajana Rosing","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tajana Rosing","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059013717","display_name":"Gert Cauwenberghs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3166-5529"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gert Cauwenberghs","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073462253"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0005,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8981982,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.8646699786186218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.7314525246620178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.706200122833252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binaural-recording","display_name":"Binaural recording","score":0.5918340682983398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4624635577201843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ear-canal","display_name":"Ear canal","score":0.45729315280914307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain\u2013computer-interface","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","score":0.45563405752182007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.42120468616485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.4121236801147461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3703381419181824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.15099218487739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.12173700332641602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.11643952131271362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.100737065076828}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.8646699786186218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.7314525246620178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.706200122833252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201247586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5612967","display_name":"Binaural recording","level":2,"score":0.5918340682983398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4624635577201843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779812621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258328","display_name":"Ear canal","level":2,"score":0.45729315280914307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.45563405752182007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.42120468616485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.4121236801147461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3703381419181824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.15099218487739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.12173700332641602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.11643952131271362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.100737065076828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/biocas49922.2021.9644973","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biocas49922.2021.9644973","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608526","display_name":"2021 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965769973","https://openalex.org/W1969878365","https://openalex.org/W2008161183","https://openalex.org/W2038120455","https://openalex.org/W2058317558","https://openalex.org/W2132360759","https://openalex.org/W2524158525","https://openalex.org/W2605473201","https://openalex.org/W2742239524","https://openalex.org/W2799439111","https://openalex.org/W2896966314","https://openalex.org/W2931937461","https://openalex.org/W2944205279","https://openalex.org/W2945267304","https://openalex.org/W2979746864","https://openalex.org/W3005004671","https://openalex.org/W3031643351","https://openalex.org/W3034577429","https://openalex.org/W6679555981","https://openalex.org/W6727207854","https://openalex.org/W6755236183"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3202969339","https://openalex.org/W4237513258","https://openalex.org/W1994410349","https://openalex.org/W3177028067","https://openalex.org/W1913385466","https://openalex.org/W2766995619","https://openalex.org/W2889342546","https://openalex.org/W2015048155","https://openalex.org/W1616854372","https://openalex.org/W1969223073"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Electroencephalography":[0],"entirely":[1],"inside":[2,101],"the":[3,68,102,126,153],"ear":[4,103],"(in-ear":[5,96],"EEG)":[6],"opens":[7],"up":[8],"exciting":[9],"avenues":[10],"for":[11,121,128,133,156,161],"unobtrusive":[12],"continuous":[13,135],"physiological":[14],"and":[15,48,55,94,105,110,141,146,163,172],"cognitive":[16,169],"state":[17,26,170],"monitoring.":[18],"This":[19,150],"work":[20,66],"presents":[21],"techniques":[22,75],"towards":[23],"precise":[24],"attention":[25],"classification":[27,63,124],"based":[28],"on":[29,83],"data":[30],"recorded":[31,45],"from":[32,52,80],"comfortable,":[33],"binaural":[34],"in-ear":[35,49,59],"EEG":[36,50,60,97],"instruments":[37],"used":[38],"during":[39],"a":[40,157],"vigilance":[41],"task":[42],"experiment.":[43],"We":[44,86,113],"both":[46],"on-scalp":[47],"signals":[51,78],"multiple":[53],"subjects,":[54],"we":[56],"show":[57,115],"that":[58],"offers":[61],"comparable":[62],"accuracy.":[64],"Our":[65],"is":[67],"first":[69],"adaptation":[70,142],"of":[71,167],"Common-mode":[72],"spatial":[73],"filtering":[74],"applied":[76],"to":[77,118,143],"acquired":[79],"sparse":[81],"electrodes":[82,100],"untethered":[84],"subjects.":[85],"demonstrate":[87],"90-95%":[88],"accuracy":[89],"(scalp-EEG":[90],"with":[91,98,125],"30":[92],"electrodes)":[93],"70-75%":[95],"5":[99],"canal":[104],"concha)":[106],"in":[107],"classifying":[108],"attentive":[109],"resting":[111],"states.":[112],"also":[114],"our":[116],"approach":[117],"be":[119],"lightweight":[120],"low-power":[122],"on-chip":[123],"capacity":[127],"few-shot":[129],"learning.":[130],"A":[131],"necessity":[132],"wearable,":[134],"health":[136],"sensors":[137],"accommodating":[138],"resource-constrained":[139],"applications":[140],"inter-subject":[144],"differences":[145],"varying":[147],"environmental":[148],"conditions.":[149],"study":[151],"suggests":[152],"future":[154],"viability":[155],"System-on-Chip":[158],"(SoC)":[159],"integration":[160],"user-generic":[162],"portable":[164],"devices":[165],"capable":[166],"closed-loop":[168],"monitoring":[171],"neuro-feedback.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}