{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2581886499","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biocas.2016.7833850","title":"A multimodal drowsiness monitoring ear-module system with closed-loop real-time alarm","display_name":"A multimodal drowsiness monitoring ear-module system with closed-loop real-time alarm","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2581886499","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biocas.2016.7833850","mag":"2581886499"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/biocas.2016.7833850","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biocas.2016.7833850","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103094285","display_name":"Unsoo Ha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5610-7216"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Unsoo Ha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077896259","display_name":"Hoi\u2010Jun Yoo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6661-4879"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hoi-Jun Yoo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5962,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86056075,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"2016","issue":null,"first_page":"539","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9782999753952026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alarm","display_name":"ALARM","score":0.7062736749649048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6437302827835083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.6119077205657959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microcontroller","display_name":"Microcontroller","score":0.5673247575759888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.5640196800231934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artifact","display_name":"Artifact (error)","score":0.4927270710468292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.46262311935424805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4141077697277069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4123092293739319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.37362873554229736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.31989234685897827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.24573510885238647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2256598174571991}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779119184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294350","display_name":"ALARM","level":2,"score":0.7062736749649048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6437302827835083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.6119077205657959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173018170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165678","display_name":"Microcontroller","level":2,"score":0.5673247575759888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.5640196800231934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779010991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2720909","display_name":"Artifact (error)","level":2,"score":0.4927270710468292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.46262311935424805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4141077697277069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4123092293739319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37362873554229736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.31989234685897827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.24573510885238647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2256598174571991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/biocas.2016.7833850","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biocas.2016.7833850","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"mag:2753677216","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://jglobal.jst.go.jp/en/public/20090422/201702213887128163","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306512817","display_name":"IEEE Conference Proceedings","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Conference Proceedings","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.4399999976158142}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W768136611","https://openalex.org/W2008268810","https://openalex.org/W2008472699","https://openalex.org/W2025623975","https://openalex.org/W2066227468","https://openalex.org/W2152983775","https://openalex.org/W2276056294","https://openalex.org/W6622293443"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2324546474","https://openalex.org/W2317274781","https://openalex.org/W3112945917","https://openalex.org/W2783208898","https://openalex.org/W3036598372","https://openalex.org/W2794438528","https://openalex.org/W2076462394","https://openalex.org/W2995996972","https://openalex.org/W302041668","https://openalex.org/W2103879688"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"closed-loop":[1,131],"electroencephalogram":[2],"(EEG)":[3],"-":[4],"near-infrared":[5],"spectroscopy":[6],"(NIRS)":[7],"ear-module":[8,28],"system":[9,13,35,98,123],"for":[10,67,130],"wearable":[11],"drowsiness":[12,132],"is":[14,17,65,74,83,99,124],"proposed.":[15],"It":[16,109,150],"implemented":[18,101],"on":[19],"the":[20,27,31,33,47,70,79,88,111,121,135],"earpiece":[21],"and":[22,39,58,85,102,139,146,155],"ear":[23,80],"hook.":[24],"Thanks":[25],"to":[26,76,116,126],"SoC":[29],"in":[30,78],"earpiece,":[32],"proposed":[34,66,97,122],"monitors":[36],"1-ch":[37,40],"EEG":[38],"NIRS":[41,48],"simultaneously":[42],"with":[43,134,161],"small":[44],"form-factor.":[45],"Since":[46],"signal":[49,73,137],"can":[50],"be":[51,127],"easily":[52],"distorted":[53],"because":[54],"of":[55],"ambient":[56],"light":[57],"extra-cerebral":[59],"artifact,":[60],"dedicated":[61],"noise":[62],"reduction":[63],"scheme":[64],"ear-NIRS.":[68],"After":[69],"measured":[71],"physiology":[72],"transferred":[75],"MCU":[77],"hook,":[81],"it":[82],"preprocessed":[84],"classified.":[86],"With":[87],"classified":[89],"result,":[90,120],"alarm":[91,141],"makes":[92],"user":[93],"feel":[94],"awake.":[95],"The":[96],"fully":[100],"verified":[103],"by":[104],"Oxford":[105],"Sleep":[106],"Resistance":[107],"Test.":[108],"shows":[110],"improved":[112],"classification":[113],"accuracy":[114],"up":[115],"20%.":[117],"As":[118],"a":[119],"expected":[125],"effectively":[128],"utilized":[129],"monitoring":[133,138],"multimodal":[136],"auditory":[140],"as":[142,144],"well":[143],"convenient":[145],"non-intrusive":[147],"form":[148],"factor.":[149],"has":[151],"only":[152],"40g":[153],"weight":[154],"operates":[156],"at":[157],"least":[158],"5":[159],"hours":[160],"3.6V":[162],"200mAh":[163],"rechargeable":[164],"battery.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}