{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2582942422","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biocas.2016.7833755","title":"Automatic gain control of ultra-low leakage synaptic scaling homeostatic plasticity circuits","display_name":"Automatic gain control of ultra-low leakage synaptic scaling homeostatic plasticity circuits","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2582942422","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biocas.2016.7833755","mag":"2582942422"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/biocas.2016.7833755","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biocas.2016.7833755","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101732845","display_name":"Ning Qiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0264-5622"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12708293","display_name":"SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics","ror":"https://ror.org/002n09z45","country_code":"CH","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12708293"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ning Qiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12708293","https://openalex.org/I202697423","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060241952","display_name":"Giacomo Indiveri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7109-1689"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12708293","display_name":"SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics","ror":"https://ror.org/002n09z45","country_code":"CH","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12708293"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giacomo Indiveri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12708293","https://openalex.org/I202697423","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019257524","display_name":"Chiara Bartolozzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3465-6449"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I30771326","display_name":"Italian Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042t93s57","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30771326"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chiara Bartolozzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["iCub Facility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"iCub Facility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30771326"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8071,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69332075,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"156","last_page":"159"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuromorphic-engineering","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","score":0.6477870941162109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leakage","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","score":0.6391144394874573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5215268731117249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4868406653404236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.46704310178756714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homeostatic-plasticity","display_name":"Homeostatic plasticity","score":0.45728299021720886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.4374334216117859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.3595694899559021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.33254384994506836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3055870532989502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.250171422958374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synaptic-plasticity","display_name":"Synaptic plasticity","score":0.23792195320129395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2145739197731018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaplasticity","display_name":"Metaplasticity","score":0.12676680088043213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.12143772840499878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.11418697237968445}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151927369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1981312","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","level":3,"score":0.6477870941162109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6509304","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","level":2,"score":0.6391144394874573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5215268731117249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4868406653404236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.46704310178756714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5687787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5889850","display_name":"Homeostatic plasticity","level":5,"score":0.45728299021720886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.4374334216117859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.3595694899559021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.33254384994506836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3055870532989502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.250171422958374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98229152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1551556","display_name":"Synaptic plasticity","level":3,"score":0.23792195320129395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2145739197731018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194973443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1420291","display_name":"Metaplasticity","level":4,"score":0.12676680088043213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.12143772840499878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11418697237968445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/biocas.2016.7833755","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biocas.2016.7833755","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7300000190734863}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1489333352","https://openalex.org/W1975398991","https://openalex.org/W2008311222","https://openalex.org/W2015701831","https://openalex.org/W2031842274","https://openalex.org/W2034602202","https://openalex.org/W2063062105","https://openalex.org/W2084190796","https://openalex.org/W2098406663","https://openalex.org/W2101387899","https://openalex.org/W2121917196","https://openalex.org/W2131862714","https://openalex.org/W2139384331","https://openalex.org/W2142531470","https://openalex.org/W2492866871","https://openalex.org/W3151328790","https://openalex.org/W3152129611","https://openalex.org/W6675388682"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2986579802","https://openalex.org/W3108691306","https://openalex.org/W4389237622","https://openalex.org/W2166309310","https://openalex.org/W4385753159","https://openalex.org/W4200152843","https://openalex.org/W4387251107","https://openalex.org/W4214914769","https://openalex.org/W2389800961","https://openalex.org/W1995389502"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Homeostatic":[0],"plasticity":[1,54,67],"is":[2,20,50],"a":[3,15,83,121,170,181,188,202,218],"stabilizing":[4],"mechanism":[5,24,55],"that":[6,52,60,94,222],"allows":[7],"neural":[8],"systems":[9],"to":[10,34,42,71,139,157,165,172,213,217,227],"maintain":[11],"their":[12],"activity":[13],"around":[14,180],"functional":[16],"operating":[17,183],"point.":[18,184],"This":[19],"an":[21,89,133,140],"extremely":[22,105],"useful":[23],"for":[25,36,39],"neuromorphic":[26],"computing":[27],"systems,":[28],"as":[29],"it":[30,49,131,153],"can":[31,95,154,223],"be":[32,155,224],"used":[33],"compensate":[35],"chronic":[37],"shifts,":[38],"example":[40],"due":[41],"changes":[43],"in":[44,69,120,132,169],"the":[45,75,97,111,116,148,159,166,174],"network":[46],"structure.":[47],"However,":[48],"important":[51],"this":[53,79],"operates":[56],"on":[57],"time":[58,107,209],"scales":[59],"are":[61],"much":[62],"longer":[63],"than":[64],"conventional":[65],"synaptic":[66],"ones,":[68],"order":[70],"not":[72],"interfere":[73],"with":[74,201],"learning":[76],"process.":[77],"In":[78],"paper":[80],"we":[81,114],"present":[82],"novel":[84],"ultra-low":[85,117],"leakage":[86,118,220],"cell":[87,119],"and":[88,129,143,150,196],"automatic":[90],"gain":[91,98,160],"control":[92],"scheme":[93],"adapt":[96],"of":[99,135,161,191,211],"analog":[100],"log-domain":[101],"synapse":[102],"circuits":[103],"over":[104],"long":[106],"scales.":[108],"To":[109],"validate":[110],"proposed":[112],"scheme,":[113],"implemented":[115],"standard":[122],"180":[123],"nm":[124],"Complementary":[125],"Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor":[126],"(CMOS)":[127],"process,":[128],"integrated":[130],"array":[134],"dynamic":[136],"synapses":[137,163],"connected":[138],"adaptive":[141],"integrate":[142],"fire":[144],"neuron.":[145],"We":[146],"describe":[147],"circuit":[149,186],"demonstrate":[151],"how":[152],"configured":[156],"scale":[158],"all":[162],"afferent":[164],"silicon":[167,189],"neuron":[168],"way":[171],"keep":[173],"neuron's":[175],"average":[176],"firing":[177],"rate":[178],"constant":[179],"set":[182],"The":[185],"occupies":[187],"area":[190],"84":[192],"\u03bcm\u00d7":[193],"22":[194],"\u03bcm":[195],"consumes":[197],"approximately":[198],"10.8":[199],"nW":[200],"1.8":[203],"V":[204],"supply":[205],"voltage.":[206],"It":[207],"exhibits":[208],"constants":[210],"up":[212],"25":[214],"kilo-seconds,":[215],"thanks":[216],"controllable":[219],"current":[221],"scaled":[225],"down":[226],"1.2":[228],"atto-Amps":[229],"(7.5":[230],"electrons/s).":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-15T07:11:24.734988","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}