{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2016681264","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biocas.2014.6981725","title":"A low-cost smartphone-based electrochemical biosensor for point-of-care diagnostics","display_name":"A low-cost smartphone-based electrochemical biosensor for point-of-care diagnostics","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2016681264","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biocas.2014.6981725","mag":"2016681264","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26097899"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/biocas.2014.6981725","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biocas.2014.6981725","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS) Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103197083","display_name":"Alexander Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2374-2069"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA, USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009947572","display_name":"Travis Wambach","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Travis Wambach","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA, USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104027059","display_name":"A. G. Venkatesh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. G. Venkatesh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA, USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040823901","display_name":"Drew A. Hall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-074X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Drew A. Hall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA, USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.4673,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":74,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99262468,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2014","issue":null,"first_page":"312","last_page":"315"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11393","display_name":"Biosensors and Analytical Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11393","display_name":"Biosensors and Analytical Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10207","display_name":"Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11434","display_name":"Electrochemical Analysis and Applications","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1603","display_name":"Electrochemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/potentiostat","display_name":"Potentiostat","score":0.9704819917678833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biosensor","display_name":"Biosensor","score":0.4945347011089325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49058571457862854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microcontroller","display_name":"Microcontroller","score":0.4631558954715729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.46101605892181396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyclic-voltammetry","display_name":"Cyclic voltammetry","score":0.4563186764717102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.4333949685096741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ferricyanide","display_name":"Ferricyanide","score":0.43237441778182983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3912835121154785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3393966555595398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2892087697982788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrochemistry","display_name":"Electrochemistry","score":0.27439773082733154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.2435784935951233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.18127495050430298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.17258992791175842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12699484825134277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrode","display_name":"Electrode","score":0.11013886332511902}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779995598","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629290","display_name":"Potentiostat","level":4,"score":0.9704819917678833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160756335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q669391","display_name":"Biosensor","level":2,"score":0.4945347011089325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49058571457862854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173018170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165678","display_name":"Microcontroller","level":2,"score":0.4631558954715729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.46101605892181396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777869211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147647","display_name":"Cyclic voltammetry","level":4,"score":0.4563186764717102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4333949685096741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777411777","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2259447","display_name":"Ferricyanide","level":2,"score":0.43237441778182983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3912835121154785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3393966555595398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2892087697982788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52859227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7877","display_name":"Electrochemistry","level":3,"score":0.27439773082733154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.2435784935951233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.18127495050430298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.17258992791175842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12699484825134277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.11013886332511902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179104552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11165","display_name":"Inorganic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/biocas.2014.6981725","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biocas.2014.6981725","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS) Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:26097899","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26097899","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference : healthcare technology : [proceedings]. IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3435700","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4474602","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1110505228","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UL1 TR000100","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337472","funder_display_name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2928778974","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UL1TR001442.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337472","funder_display_name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337472","display_name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04pw6fb54"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965609522","https://openalex.org/W1989792472","https://openalex.org/W2073243905","https://openalex.org/W2081021969","https://openalex.org/W2151257260","https://openalex.org/W2153943025","https://openalex.org/W4206982692","https://openalex.org/W6648856864"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2051207682","https://openalex.org/W4319875893","https://openalex.org/W3035104883","https://openalex.org/W1986208677","https://openalex.org/W2757875722","https://openalex.org/W2154506034","https://openalex.org/W2332573254","https://openalex.org/W4247186256","https://openalex.org/W3097035454","https://openalex.org/W2011639063"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"describes":[2],"the":[3,27,68,72,78,85,94,101,116,127,130],"development":[4],"of":[5,45,115],"a":[6,14,24,57,61],"smartphone-based":[7],"electrochemical":[8],"biosensor":[9],"module.":[10],"The":[11],"module":[12,69,102],"contains":[13],"low":[15],"power":[16,22,74],"potentiostat":[17,36,119],"that":[18,67,77],"interfaces":[19],"and":[20,40,76,99],"harvests":[21],"from":[23,87,96],"smartphone":[25],"through":[26],"phone's":[28],"audio":[29],"jack.":[30],"A":[31],"prototype":[32,131],"with":[33,50,60,84],"two":[34,117],"different":[35],"designs":[37,120],"was":[38],"constructed":[39],"used":[41],"to":[42],"conduct":[43],"proof":[44],"concept":[46],"cyclic":[47],"voltammetry":[48],"experiments":[49],"potassium":[51],"ferro-/ferricyanide":[52],"(K4[Fe(CN)6]":[53],"/":[54],"K3[Fe(CN)6])":[55],"in":[56],"side-by-side":[58],"comparison":[59],"laboratory":[62],"grade":[63],"instrument.":[64],"Results":[65],"show":[66],"functions":[70],"within":[71],"available":[73],"budget":[75],"recovered":[79],"voltammogram":[80],"data":[81,86],"matches":[82],"well":[83],"an":[88],"expensive":[89],"bench":[90],"top":[91],"tool.":[92],"Excluding":[93],"loses":[95],"supply":[97],"rectification":[98],"regulation,":[100],"consumes":[103],"either":[104],"5.7":[105],"mW":[106,109],"or":[107],"4.3":[108],"peak":[110],"power,":[111],"depending":[112],"on":[113],"which":[114],"discussed":[118],"is":[121],"used.":[122],"At":[123],"single":[124],"quantity":[125],"pricing,":[126],"hardware":[128],"for":[129],"device":[132],"costs":[133],"less":[134],"than":[135],"$30.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}