{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2015949921","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biocas.2013.6679702","title":"A low-power, low-noise, and low-cost VGA for second harmonic imaging ultrasound probes","display_name":"A low-power, low-noise, and low-cost VGA for second harmonic imaging ultrasound probes","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2015949921","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biocas.2013.6679702","mag":"2015949921"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/biocas.2013.6679702","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biocas.2013.6679702","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100395955","display_name":"Peng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9880-9171"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Telecommunication, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway","Dept. of Electron. & Telecommun., Norwegian Univ. of Sci. & Technol. - NTNU, Trondheim, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Telecommunication, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electron. & Telecommun., Norwegian Univ. of Sci. & Technol. - NTNU, Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055804223","display_name":"Trond Ytterdal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2109-833X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Trond Ytterdal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Telecommunication, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway","Dept. of Electron. & Telecommun., Norwegian Univ. of Sci. & Technol. - NTNU, Trondheim, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Telecommunication, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electron. & Telecommun., Norwegian Univ. of Sci. & Technol. - NTNU, Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039409016","display_name":"T. Halvorsrod","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Moe Halvorsrod","raw_affiliation_strings":["GE Vingmed Ultrasound AS, Horten, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GE Vingmed Ultrasound AS, Horten, Norway","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100395955"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7994,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72583584,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"314","last_page":"317"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11778","display_name":"Electrical and Bioimpedance Tomography","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-graphics-array","display_name":"Video Graphics Array","score":0.7856298089027405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable-gain-amplifier","display_name":"Variable-gain amplifier","score":0.5554078817367554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.5006990432739258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.4621904790401459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.423103928565979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.41434726119041443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.34943777322769165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operational-amplifier","display_name":"Operational amplifier","score":0.3441407382488251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.33588162064552307}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139983466","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17194","display_name":"Video Graphics Array","level":3,"score":0.7856298089027405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91541141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1894933","display_name":"Variable-gain amplifier","level":5,"score":0.5554078817367554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.5006990432739258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4621904790401459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.423103928565979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.41434726119041443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.34943777322769165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145366948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178947","display_name":"Operational amplifier","level":4,"score":0.3441407382488251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.33588162064552307}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/biocas.2013.6679702","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/biocas.2013.6679702","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W610545203","https://openalex.org/W1493180381","https://openalex.org/W1972164714","https://openalex.org/W2065808645","https://openalex.org/W2101491661","https://openalex.org/W2101819427","https://openalex.org/W2139546182","https://openalex.org/W2163167320","https://openalex.org/W2165381281","https://openalex.org/W6680772886"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2367353976","https://openalex.org/W2040400730","https://openalex.org/W3175678742","https://openalex.org/W2068787209","https://openalex.org/W2012464684","https://openalex.org/W4385461831","https://openalex.org/W2039938985","https://openalex.org/W1970142521","https://openalex.org/W2003580737","https://openalex.org/W2129507596"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Since":[0],"the":[1,20,27,31,90,104,122,148,163,170,178,182,200,204,223,240,246],"new":[2],"generation":[3],"of":[4,11,35,199,243],"ultrasound":[5,36,59],"imaging":[6,37,58],"probes":[7,60],"will":[8],"integrate":[9],"thousands":[10],"receive":[12],"and":[13,23,45,89,111,136,173,245],"transmit":[14],"channels":[15],"into":[16],"a":[17,42,62,84,94,158,189,193,211,254,262],"single":[18],"probe,":[19],"power,":[21],"noise,":[22],"chip":[24],"cost":[25],"become":[26],"top":[28],"challenges":[29],"for":[30,54,222],"analog":[32,225],"front":[33],"end":[34],"probes.":[38],"This":[39],"paper":[40],"investigates":[41],"low-power,":[43],"low-noise,":[44],"low-cost":[46],"single-end-ed":[47],"to":[48,106,120,176,195,202,217,257],"differential":[49,107,196],"variable":[50],"gain":[51,87,101,213],"amplifier":[52,98,125,191],"(VGA)":[53],"2-6-MHz":[55],"second":[56,91,247],"harmonic":[57,248],"in":[61,131,181],"0.18\u03bcm":[63],"CMOS":[64],"technology.":[65],"The":[66,72,207,219,233,266],"proposed":[67,208],"VGA":[68,81,209],"has":[69,210],"two":[70],"stages.":[71],"first":[73,183],"stage":[74,92],"is":[75,93,128,152,227,237,251,269],"an":[76,118,144],"inverter-based":[77],"voltage":[78],"sampling":[79,264],"switched-capacitor":[80],"(SC-VGA)":[82],"with":[83,99,261],"6b":[85,164],"binary-weighted":[86,165],"control,":[88],"4b":[95],"thermometer":[96],"continuous-time":[97],"tunable":[100],"that":[102,127],"implements":[103],"single-end":[105],"conversion.":[108],"Power":[109],"consumption":[110,221],"noise":[112,135,236],"are":[113,139],"highly":[114],"improved":[115],"by":[116,142,156,187],"adopting":[117,157],"inverter":[119],"replace":[121],"operational":[123],"trans-conductance":[124],"(OTA)":[126],"commonly":[129],"employed":[130],"traditional":[132],"SC-VGAs.":[133],"Flicker":[134],"DC":[137],"offset":[138],"canceled":[140],"out":[141],"using":[143],"auto-zeroing":[145],"technique.":[146],"While":[147],"small":[149],"layout":[150,267],"size":[151,268],"achieved":[153],"not":[154],"only":[155],"dividing":[159],"capacitor":[160,166],"which":[161],"separates":[162],"(CAP)":[167],"array":[168],"between":[169],"upper":[171],"3b":[172,175],"lower":[174],"decrease":[177],"capacitance":[179],"spread":[180],"stage,":[184],"but":[185],"also":[186],"employing":[188],"common-source":[190],"as":[192],"single-ended":[194],"converter":[197],"instead":[198],"SC-amplifier":[201],"avoid":[203],"CAP":[205],"arrays.":[206],"total":[212],"range":[214],"from":[215],"-9dB":[216],"22dB.":[218],"power":[220],"core":[224],"circuitry":[226],"140\u03bcA":[228],"at":[229,239,253],"1V":[230],"supply":[231],"voltage.":[232],"input":[234],"referred":[235],"8nV/\u221aHz":[238],"center":[241],"frequency":[242],"4MHz,":[244],"distortion":[249],"(HD2)":[250],"-61dB":[252],"400mV":[255],"peak":[256,258],"output":[259],"swing":[260],"30MHz":[263],"frequency.":[265],"109\u03bcm\u00d7164\u03bcm.":[270]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
